Relationship between Refractive Index and Molar Concentration of Multi-Component Solutions

Zhu, Xiaodong; Mai, Tiancheng; Zhao, Zilong

doi:10.2991/icmmita-16.2016.81

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The second group (peak 2 and 3) of the EPS components, which absorbed UV, was most likely proteinaceous substances as no DNA was detected in the EPS samples. The peaks represent refractive index (RI), which depends on the molar concentration and properties of the solute in a multi-component solution ( Zhu et al, 2016 ). Therefore, the peak size may not reflect the amount of polysaccharide and protein.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

2021

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This work describes the chemical composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by three bacteria (RO1, RO2, and RO3) isolated from a biofouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. We isolated pure cultures of three bacterial strains from a 7-year-old biofouled RO module that was used in a full-scale seawater treatment plant. All the bacterial strains showed similar growth rates, biofilm formation, and produced similar quantities of proteins and polysaccharides. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the EPS produced by all the strains has a high molecular weight; however, the EPS produced by strains RO1 and RO3 showed the highest molecular weight. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and Carbon NMR (13C NMR) were used for a detailed characterization of the EPS. These physicochemical analyses allowed us to identify features of EPS that are important for biofilm formation. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages (920 cm–1) and amide II (1,550 cm–1) in the EPS, the presence of which has been correlated with the fouling potential of bacteria. The presence of α-glycoside linkages was further confirmed by 13C NMR analysis. The 13C NMR analysis also showed that the EPS produced by these bacteria is chemically similar to foulants obtained from biofouled RO membranes in previous studies. Therefore, our results support the hypothesis that the majority of substances that cause fouling on RO membranes originate from bacteria. Investigation using 1H NMR showed that the EPS contained a high abundance of hydrophobic compounds, and these compounds can lead to flux decline in the membrane processes. Genome sequencing of the isolates showed that they represent novel species of bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus. Examination of genomes showed that these bacteria carry carbohydrates-active enzymes that play a role in the production of polysaccharides. Further genomic studies allowed us to identify proteins involved in the biosynthesis of EPS and flagella involved in biofilm formation. These analyses provide a glimpse into the physicochemical properties of EPS found on the RO membrane. This knowledge can be useful in the rational design of biofilm control treatments for the RO membrane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

2021

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“…But, if we can find a convenient theoretical model similar to Refs. [50,51] whose authors provided the model versus concentration and temperature for Ethanol, thus, we are able to perform an absolute measurement which yields to absolute values of refractive index or concentration at the fixed temperature. It would be a good future research plan with collaboration of chemists and geneticists to find a model for the behavior of the DNA and MB to apply the introduced method to obtain the absolute value of the refractive index and concentration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision Quantum Transmitometry of DNA and Methylene-Blue using a Frequency-Entangled Twin-Photon Beam in Type-I SPDC

Motazedifard,

Madani

2021

Preprint

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Using the coincidence-count (CC) measurement of the generated frequency-entangled twin-photons beam (TWB) via the process of type-I spontaneous parametric-down conversion (SPDC) in BBO nonlinear crystal (NLC), we have precisely measured the transmittance of very diluted Rabbit-and Human-DNA, Methylene-Blue (MB), as a disinfectant, and thin-film multilayer at near IR wavelength 810nm with an accuracy in order of %0.01 due to the quantum correlation, while accuracy of classical-like measurement, single-count (SC), is in order of %0.1 in our setup. Moreover, using quantum measurement of the transmittance, the different types of DNA with the same concentration, and also very diluted (in order of pg/𝜇l) different concentrations of DNA and MB solutions are distinguished and detected with high-reliability. Interestingly, in case of Human-DNA samples in contrast to our classical-like measurement we could precisely detect and distinguish two very diluted concentrations 0.01ng/𝜇l and 0.1ng/𝜇l with high reliability while commercial standard spectrometer device of our DNA-manufacturer never could detect and distinguish them. Surprisingly, measurement on the thin-film multilayer illustrates that the introduced method in this work might be performed to cancer/brain tissues or Stem cells for cancer therapy, and may hopefully open a pave and platform for non-invasive quantum diagnosis in future.

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“…Further, the concentration of the solution may be determined by computing the refractive index of a binary solution. However, the refractive index of any solution critically depends upon the various factors namely, concentration, temperature (T), wavelength and pressure [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] etc. The impacts of wavelength and pressure on the refractive index can be diminished by measuring at atmospheric pressure and at a fixed wavelength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple model for the calculation of concentration and temperature dependent refractive index of different solutions

Farooque

Singh

Rashid

et al. 2023

Turkish Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

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Simple analytical models for the calculation of concentration (c) and temperature (T) dependent refractive index i.e., n(c,T) values of the six solutions namely, three electrolyte (KCl, NaCl, and CaCl2), a polar (glucose), a non-polar (ethyl acetate), and a protein (bovine serum albumin) solutions have been proposed. The values of refractive index obtained using our proposed models have been compared with the corresponding values of the refractive index obtained using other reported models and the experimental values. A fairly good agreement between them has been obtained.

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Relationship between Refractive Index and Molar Concentration of Multi-Component Solutions

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Physicochemical Properties of Extracellular Polymeric Substances Produced by Three Bacterial Isolates From Biofouled Reverse Osmosis Membranes

High-precision Quantum Transmitometry of DNA and Methylene-Blue using a Frequency-Entangled Twin-Photon Beam in Type-I SPDC

Simple model for the calculation of concentration and temperature dependent refractive index of different solutions

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