Relationship between serum adipsin and the first phase of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in individuals with different glucose tolerance

Abstract

Aims/IntroductionTo detect serum adipsin levels in individuals with different glucose tolerance, and investigate the relationship between adipsisn and the first phase of insulin secretion.Materials and MethodsA total of 56 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, 36 patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 45 individuals with normal glucose tolerance were enrolled. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were carried out to evaluate pancreatic β‐cell function. The serum levels of adipsin, interleukin‐1β and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were assayed.ResultsSerum adipsin levels were significantly lower in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and the IGT patients than those in the normal glucose tolerance group (P < 0.05). The acute insulin response and area under the curve showed a progressive decrease in the normal glucose tolerance and IGT groups, and decreased to the lowest levels in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group (P < 0.05). Adipsin was found to be negatively correlated with waist‐to‐hip ratio, free fatty acid, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, interleukin‐1β and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), and positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, the area under the curve of the first phase insulin secretion and acute insulin response (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that homeostasis model assessment for β‐cell function and acute insulin response were independently related to adipsin (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum adipsin levels were lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus and IGT patients, and correlated with the first phase of insulin secretion. Adipsin might be involved in the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Predictors of HbA1c among adipocytokine biomarkers in African American men with varied glucose tolerance

“…Speci cally we showed that adipsin was lower in T2D compared to NGT, which was similar to majority [40,[56][57][58] but not all [10,19] previously published research. In addition, this study showed that 2-hour post-glucose load adipsin was lower in T2D compared to NGT.…”

“…Although there had been no other previous studies evaluating circulating adipsin post-glucose load, our data could be interpreted as supporting previous translational studies suggesting that inadequate response of adipsin pathway contributed to inadequate insulin secretion in T2D animal model [56]. Correspondingly, adipsin role in insulin secretion was suggested by human data [40]. Speci cally, adipsin positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), the area under the curve (AUC) of the rst phase insulin secretion and acute insulin response in a group of Chinese individuals with various degrees of glucose tolerance including newly diagnosed T2D [40].…”

“…Correspondingly, adipsin role in insulin secretion was suggested by human data [40]. Speci cally, adipsin positively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), the area under the curve (AUC) of the rst phase insulin secretion and acute insulin response in a group of Chinese individuals with various degrees of glucose tolerance including newly diagnosed T2D [40]. Taken together the data from previous and present research implicated failure of adipsin (and/or adipsin pathway) to rise in response to acute hyperglycemia that could be responsible at least in part for inadequate insulin increase in acute hyperglycemia in T2D.…”

“…There were no previous studies that included multiple adipocytokines in modeling of HbA1c determinants and showing adipsin as a signi cant predictor of HbA1c. Previous studies measured only adipsin [58] or adipsin and IL-1ß [40] and did not use HbA1c as a dependent variable in regression modeling. We preferred using HbA1c as a dependent variable in regression modeling because HbA1c represented the most clinically relevant biomarker of chronic glucose control.…”

“…The gap of knowledge, however, remains in understanding whether individual adipocytokines are associated with acute and/or chronic hyperglycemia in human studies. We previously have observed varied response of 35 biomarkers to acute hyperglycemia in men with prediabetes [39], while other studies also observed inconsistent associations of selected adipocytokines with acute ( rst phase) insulin response [40] and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [41] in diabetic individuals. Therefore, the primary objective of this pilot study was to explore whether the adipocytokine responses (measured by multiplex assay) to acute hyperglycemia differed by T2D status during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).…”