Relationship between Serum Biochemistry in Macaca Mulatta Males and the Duration of Stay in Individual Cage

Abstract

A relationship between transfer of monkeys from yard to individual cage and duration of stay in individual cage and the serum biochemical parameters is detected in Macaca mulatta males.

Effect of different anesthetic mixtures—ketamine‐xylazine, ketamine‐acepromazine and tiletamine‐zolazepam—on the physiological and blood biochemistry parameters of male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at different ages

“…As reported previously, studies show that ketamine can have various effects on blood biochemistry, which can include hypoproteinemia . Our results obtained with ketamine are similar to those reported in the literature, although we also observed a decrease in TP and ALB values for the anesthetic mixtures, which suggests an influx of liquid into the vascular space…”

“…While this achieves a wide margin of clinical safety, these effects can be mitigated by combining other sedating and/or tranquilizing agents. Indeed, numerous combinations of drugs have been employed to sedate or anesthetize NHPs, as is well‐documented in the scientific literature . Studies such as these underline the importance of monitoring key physiological parameters in order to predict and prevent potential complications during anesthesia.…”

“…Practices involved in the care and handling of non‐human primates (NHPs) have changed significantly over time, due largely to advances in medical, diagnostic, and instrumental technology. Thus, there is an ongoing need to present normative data that includes refining the handling and diagnostic techniques used with NHPs, and to establish normative parameters for each research laboratory that consider several key factors, including age, sex, type of alimentation, type of confinement, and geographic location, among others . Changes in many hematological and biochemical parameters have been reported during normal development and maturation in various NHP species.…”

“…Chemical restriction or subjection, in particular, reduces stress in animals while increasing safety and improving the quality of the samples obtained . Many studies have reported the clinical effects of anesthesia on the physiological and biochemical parameters of NHPs . Research has shown that anesthetic drugs, and combinations thereof, produce secondary effects that can modify physiological responses by altering an animal's homeostasis, and cause such deleterious effects as hypotension, hypoxia, and hypothermia, among other disturbances, in anesthetized animals, and this can affect the results of research .…”

Quality of hematology and clinical chemistry results in laboratory and zoo nonhuman primates: Effects of the preanalytical phase. A review

“…Change of housing can cause stress with increases of plasma cortisol concentration as observed in squirrel ( Saimiri sciureus ) and titi ( Callicebus moloch ) monkeys 61 . It generally caused only minor or no changes in hematology and biochemistry, as in young rhesus macaques during a 6‐month acclimation to group cages after weaning, 33 in marmosets after a 4‐week transfer to smaller housing, and 7 months after their return to their home cages, 62 in male rhesus macaques moved from a collective enclosure to individual cages, in which routine serum biochemical variables showed only moderate changes between days 3 and 41, but pre‐rehousing values were not available 63 . Environment enrichment may have no effects on plasma variables.…”