Relationship Between Serum Calcium and Magnesium Concentrations and Metabolic Syndrome Diagnostic Components in Middle-Aged Korean Men

Abstract

It is thought that calcium and magnesium may be related to metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome; however, to date, there have been few studies investigating the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged male adults. We aimed to investigate the association between serum calcium and magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome in Korean middle-aged male adults. Study subjects included 213 men aged 30∼60 years. MetS risk score is determined by adding the number of risk factors, waist circumference, triacylglyceride (TG), HDL cholesterol, glucose, and blood pressure (BP). The study population was divided into three groups according to the MetS risk score: group I (MetS risk score ≤1; n = 106), group II (MetS risk score = 2; n = 51), and group III (MetS risk score ≥3; n = 56). The serum Ca, according to increase of MetS risk score, was significantly higher (p < 0.001), and there was no significant difference in serum Mg concentration among the three groups. Subjects with high TG and high BP had higher serum calcium levels than those without such abnormalities. Subjects with higher glucose had lower serum magnesium levels than those without such abnormality. The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Ca had positive correlations with the MetS risk score (r = 0.1769, p < 0.01), serum TG (r = 0.2516, p < 0.001), and DBP (r = 0.2246, p < 0.01). The correlation analysis indicated that the serum Mg had an inverse relationship with serum glucose (r = -0.2404, p < 0.001). In conclusion, serum Ca had positive association with TG and BP, while serum Mg had negative association with serum glucose after adjusting age and BMI among the middle-aged Korean male adults.

Circulating calcium concentrations, vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review

“…Circulating lipid levels are also associated with serum calcium in cross‐sectional studies []. As previously described, their importance appears to be comparable to that of blood pressure.…”

“…This suggests that serum calcium might drive dyslipidaemia changes, but this finding was not confirmed in a randomized trial of this condition . Other studies have suggested associations of serum calcium with glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome and with BMI , which might contribute to the calcium–cardiovascular relationship. Again, causality in these associations is unclear.…”

“…The association of blood pressure with serum calcium in cross‐sectional studies suggests that blood pressure might further mediate the association between calcium and vascular disease. The Tromso study supports this conclusion, showing that stepwise adjustment for blood pressure, followed by serum cholesterol, progressively reduced the hazard ratio for myocardial infarction and that their contributions were approximately equal .…”

Higher Levels of Magnesium and Lower Levels of Calcium in Whole Blood Are Positively Correlated with the Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Population: A Case-Control Study

“…Mg and Ca are intimately related to each other and have been reported to collectively influence metabolic functions such as hypertension and insulin resistance [24][25][26] . Therefore, several studies have investigated the associations between levels of Mg and Ca with MetS together in adults [27,28] . Park et al [27] examined serum Ca and Mg concentrations in middle-aged Korean men and found the serum Ca was positively associated with MetS risk score, triglyceride (TG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while serum Mg had no statistically significant association with MetS risk score but a negative association with serum glucose.…”

“…Therefore, several studies have investigated the associations between levels of Mg and Ca with MetS together in adults [27,28] . Park et al [27] examined serum Ca and Mg concentrations in middle-aged Korean men and found the serum Ca was positively associated with MetS risk score, triglyceride (TG) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while serum Mg had no statistically significant association with MetS risk score but a negative association with serum glucose. However, results of another study conducted among the Korean population showed negative associations between both hair Mg and Ca concentrations with MetS [28] .…”