Relationship between Structure and Antigenicity of O1 Vibrio cholerae Lipopolysaccharides

Abstract

The relationship between the release of fructose from 0 1 Vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides (LPS) by dilute acetic acid hydrolysis and the decrease in their antigenicity was examined. Decrease in the antigenicity of LPS was not parallel with the release of fructose, and occurred very much later than the latter. Periodate oxidation of LPS resulted in the total elimination of the fructose and glucose, and two-thirds of the heptose constituents, but no difference in the antigenicity of LPS was observed before and after oxidation. These findings indicate that the fructose present in 01 V . cholerae LPS is not substantially involved in their specific antigenicity. In the 01 V. cholerae LPS, the fructose is in the branch structure, most probably in the core region. I N T R O D U C T I O NA large variety of neutral and amino sugars are present as components in lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria. However, the neutral sugar fructose occurs only rarely as an LPS component (Wilkinson, 1577;Kenne & Lindberg, 1983). Recently, a fructose-containing polysaccharide was reported to exist in the capsular K4 antigen of Escherichia coli 0 5 : K4 : H4 (Rodriguez et al., 1988). In a previous study, we demonstrated that, among the vibrios studied, 01 Vibrio cholerae was the only group for which all strains contained fructose in LPS (Kondo et al., 1988).The role of fructose in the serology of LPS of 0 1 V . cholerae is of interest. Since heating of 0 1 V . cholerae LPS in dilute acetic acid at 100°C results in release of fructose from LPS and concomitant loss of their antigenicity, it has been suspected that fructose is essentially involved in the antigenicity of LPS of this vibrio (Redmond & Korsch, 1973). On heating of LPS of most Gram-negative bacteria, free 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), a characteristic sugar constituent of LPS, is released. However, when 01 V . cholerae LPS is treated in this way, release of KDO does not occur; instead, fructose is released. In the LPS molecules of most Gram-negative bacteria, KDO connects the polysaccharide portion and lipid A, and it has been suggested that in the LPS molecule of 0 1 V . cholerae, KDO in this position may be replaced by fructose (Jann et al., 1973). However, results obtained by Kaca et al. (1986), studying the effect of removal of D-fructose on the antigenicity of LPS from a rough mutant of V . cholerae Ogawa, indicated that D-fructose does not link the polysaccharide and lipid A portion, but that fructose is present as a branch. It was further shown by passive haemolysis inhibition that the release of D-fructose paralleled the exposure of a new common antigenic determinant (Brade & Galanos, 1983a, b) cryptic in LPS.In the present study, the relationship between the release of fructose from 0 1 V . cholerae LPS by dilute acetic acid hydrolysis and the decrease in their antigenicity was examined using LPS Abbreviations : DPS, degraded polysaccharide ; KDO, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (3-deoxy-~-manno-2-octulosonic acid; PHI, passive haemolysis inhibition.0001-5280 ...

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor: Identification of a gene cluster required for the rugose colony type, exopolysaccharide production, chlorine resistance, and biofilm formation

“…It was found to contain nearly equal amounts of glucose and galactose, with smaller amounts of N-acetylglucosamine and mannose (Table 1). This compositional result clearly distinguishes it from the capsule-like material isolated by Wai et al(11) from a rugose variant of a V. cholerae El Tor strain, which they reported lacked glucose and contained 6-deoxy-D-galactose; from V. cholerae O1 lipopolysaccharide, which contains large amounts of perosamine and quinovosamine (23)(24)(25); and from the capsular polysaccharide of V. cholerae O139, which apparently evolved from an El Tor progenitor (26,27) and contains 3,6-dideoxyxylohexose (28). Linkage analysis detected nearly equal amounts of 4-linked galactose and 4-linked glucose (Table 1) and these therefore may comprise the backbone(s) of the saccharide.…”

On the Antigenic Determinants of the Lipopolysaccharides of Vibrio cholerae O:1, Serotypes Ogawa and Inaba

“…Severely base-degraded V. cholerae O:139 LPS (9) was a gift from Dr. Andrew D. Cox, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada. De-O-acylated Ogawa-LPS (10) was oxidized in aqueous 0.8% periodate solution for 3 days in the dark, dialyzed, and freezedried and then reduced in aquous sodium borohydride (11) to convert aldehyde groups to alcohol groups to give O/R-DeOAc-Ogawa-LPS. Assays, as glucose (12), for carbonyl groups in both the oxidized and oxidized and reduced samples showed the reduction to be 99.1% com-plete.…”

The Structure of the Lipid A‐Core Region of the Lipopolysaccharides from Vibrio cholerae O1 Smooth Strain 569B (Inaba) and Rough Mutant Strain 95R (Ogawa)

“…The chemical composition of different strains of b! clzolerue 0 1 LPS has been studied [2][3][4] and the following sugars have been identified : glucose, heptose, 3-deoxy-~-m~iizno-octu~oson~c acid (Kdo, one phosphorylated residue [S, 6]), glucosamine, perosamine, quinovosamine, and fructose (Fru). In the core region of rough mutant LPS, the structural elements Fru-(2-6)-Glc 173 lfrom strain NIH 41R, originating from the smooth strain NIH 41 (Ogawa)] and ~-~-GlcN-(l-7)-Hep 181 [Hep, L-glycero-D-munno-heptose, from strain 95R, originating from smooth strain 162 (Ogawa)] have been identified.…”