Relationship between the inorganic content and the polymerization of the organic matrix of resin composites for dentistry: a narrative review

Fidalgo-Pereira, Rita; Carpio, Daniela Minerva Evangelista; Carvalho, Ó.; Catarino, Susana Oliveira; Torres, Orlanda; Souza, Júlio C. M.

doi:10.51126/revsalus.v4i1.136

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…TEGDMA and Bis-EMA. In which Bis-GMA is a high molecular weight di-methacrylate monomer known to influence the mechanical and physical properties of resin material and provide high EM [25]. Previous studies confirmed that, increased filler content has a positive influence on flexure properties [26] and this goes along with present results.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluating flexure properties, hardness, roughness and microleakage of high-strength injectable dental composite: an in vitro study

Basheer,

Hasanain,

Abuelenain

2024

BMC Oral Health

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Background Recently, a new generation of high-strength flowable dental composites has been introduced by manufacturers. The manufacturers claim that these materials have enhanced mechanical and physical properties and are suitable for use in a wide range of direct anterior and posterior restorations, even in high-stress bearing areas. Aim The objective of this study was to assess certain physical and mechanical properties of these recently introduced high-strength flowable composites in comparison to conventional multipurpose dental composites. Methods Four types of high-strength flowable composites (Genial Universal FLO, Gaenial Universal Injectable, Beautifil Injectable, and Beautifil Flow Plus) were tested in experimental groups, while a nanohybrid conventional composite (Filtek Z350 XT) was used as the control. For flexure properties, ten rectangular samples (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were prepared from each composite material and subjected to 5000 cycles of thermocycling. Samples were then subjected to flexural strength testing using the universal testing machine. Another twenty disc-shaped specimens of dimensions (5 mm diameter × 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from each composite material for surface roughness (Ra) (n = 10) and hardness (VHN) test (n = 10). All samples underwent 5000 cycles of thermocycling before testing. Additionally, microleakage testing was conducted on 60 standardized class V cavities prepared on molar teeth and divided randomly into five groups (n = 12). Cavities were then filled with composite according to the manufacturer’s instructions and subjected to thermocycling for 1000 cycles before testing using methylene blue solution and a stereomicroscope. Results All tested materials were comparable to the control group in terms of flexural strength and surface roughness (p > 0.05), with Gaenial Universal FLO exhibiting significantly higher flexural strength compared to the other flowable composite materials tested. However, all tested materials demonstrated significantly lower elastic modulus and surface hardness than the control group (p < 0.05). The control group exhibited higher microleakage scores, while the lowest scores were observed in the Gaenial Universal FLO material (p < 0.05) Conclusion The physical and mechanical behaviors of the different high-strength flowable composites investigated in this study varied. Some of these materials may serve as suitable alternatives to conventional composites in specific applications, emphasizing the importance of dentists being familiar with material properties before making material selections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Evaluating flexure properties, hardness, roughness and microleakage of high-strength injectable dental composite: an in vitro study

Basheer,

Hasanain,

Abuelenain

2024

BMC Oral Health

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“…Bis-GMA, one of the monomers in the organic matrix content, provides physical properties such as high molecular mass and high E M [59]. In some available composites today, Bis-EMA can be used instead of Bis-GMA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Micro-Hardness, Degree of Conversion, and Flexural Strength for Single-Shade Universal Resin Composites

et al. 2022

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Single-shade universal resin composites (SsURC) are preferred in clinical practice to reduce time for shade selection and obtain good esthetic results. In this study, the static mechanical properties of seven new SsURCs were investigated, their spectral analyzes were performed and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations were presented. Charisma Diamond One/DO, Admira Fusion x-tra/AFX, Omnichroma/OC, OptiShade/OS, Essentia Universal/EU, Zenchroma/ZC, Vittra APS Unique/VU were used in a three-point bending test to determine flexural strength (FS) and elastic modulus (EM); Vickers micro-hardness (VHN) and hardness-ratio (HR) were performed with a micro-hardness tester from top/bottom after 24-h/15-days of storage in distilled water at 37°C (±1 °C). The degree of conversion (DC) was assessed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure of the resin matrix and filler content were assessed by SEM. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23 and the R program and the significance level was taken as p < 0.05. The main effect of the tested SsURCs was found to be statistically significant on FS, EM, VHN, and DC values (p < 0.001). Bis-GMA free SsURCs (AFX, DO, VU) showed better DC and HR except for OC. All seven tested SsURCs conform to the requirements of ISO standards for dental resin composites for all tested categories.

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“…Most resin-matrix cements contain high molecular weight monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, and hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as described in Table 1 [ 46 ]. Bis-GMA has a high molar mass (512 g mol −1 ) and a high viscosity (600–1000 Pa.s −1 ), which limits the addition of inorganic particles to resin-based materials [ 41 , 47 , 48 ]. Additionally, UDMA is commonly used as a base monomer in self-adhesive resin-matrix cements in combination with TEGDMA [ 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CQ/TA complex is stimulated by visible light at wavelengths ranging from 420 up to 490 nm [ 69 ], although the light absorption peak is recorded at 470 nm ( Table 1 ) [ 52 , 53 ]. Regarding the light-curing reaction, blue visible light (at 470 nm) transmitted by a LCU is absorbed by the CQ/TA complex, involving three fundamental steps: (1) polymeric chain growth without restrictions, in which the monomer concentration and free radicals determine the kinetic reactions; (2) fast viscosity increase with restricted mobility of free radicals and an irreversible increase in the elastic modulus of the resin matrix (gel point); and (3) vitrification and end of the reaction with a high viscosity level [ 41 , 47 , 48 , 70 ]. The increase in viscosity limits the movements of the remaining monomers responsible for additional polymerization [ 71 , 72 , 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bibliographic search was performed on PubMed (via National Library of Medicine) considering that includes most journals in the field of biomaterials and dentistry. The bibliographic search and the selection of studies were in accordance with the method used in previous integrative review studies [ 15 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. The following search terms were applied: “degree of conversion” AND “resin cement” AND “light transmittance” OR “light absorption” AND “light curing mode” OR “polymerization mode“ AND “restoration thickness” OR “restoration type”.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry

et al. 2023

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In dentistry, clinicians mainly use dual-cured or light-cured resin-matrix cements to achieve a proper polymerization of the organic matrix leading to enhanced physical properties of the cement. However, several parameters can affect the polymerization of resin-matrix cements. The main aim of the present study was to perform a scoping review on the degree of conversion (DC) of the organic matrix, the polymerization, and the light transmittance of different resin-matrix cements used in dentistry. A search was performed on PubMed using a combination of the following key terms: degree of conversion, resin cements, light transmittance, polymerization, light curing, and thickness. Articles in the English language published up to November 2022 were selected. The selected studies’ results demonstrated that restorative structures with a thickness higher than 1.5 mm decrease the light irradiance towards the resin-matrix cement. A decrease in light transmission provides a low energy absorption through the resin cement leading to a low DC percentage. On the other hand, the highest DC percentages, ranging between 55 and 75%, have been reported for dual-cured resin-matrix cements, although the polymerization mode and exposure time also influence the DC of monomers. Thus, the polymerization of resin-matrix cements can be optimized taking into account different parameters of light-curing, such as adequate light distance, irradiance, exposure time, equipment, and wavelength. Then, optimum physical properties are achieved that provide a long-term clinical performance of the cemented restorative materials.

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Relationship between the inorganic content and the polymerization of the organic matrix of resin composites for dentistry: a narrative review

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

Evaluating flexure properties, hardness, roughness and microleakage of high-strength injectable dental composite: an in vitro study

Evaluating flexure properties, hardness, roughness and microleakage of high-strength injectable dental composite: an in vitro study

Assessment of Micro-Hardness, Degree of Conversion, and Flexural Strength for Single-Shade Universal Resin Composites

A Scoping Review on the Polymerization of Resin-Matrix Cements Used in Restorative Dentistry

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