Relationship between the partial blink rate and ocular surface parameters

Jeon, Young Joon; Song, Mi Kyoung; Kim, Kook Young; Hwang, Kyu-Yeon; Kwon, Yumi; Koh, Kyungmin

doi:10.1007/s10792-021-01819-9

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that blinking is associated with DED, psychological status, and systemic diseases (58). PB was more prevalent in patients with DED than non-DED, and PB was correlated with DED in our study (57). However, no significant correlation was found between PBR and anxiety and depression scores in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

“…Blinking serves a vital function in preserving moisture, the unity of the ocular surface of the lipid layer, and the extension of tear lipids. Increasing the PBR leads to inadequate lipid distribution, which may increase tear evaporation ( 56 , 57 ). Previous studies have shown that blinking is associated with DED, psychological status, and systemic diseases ( 58 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences of Anxiety and Depression in Dry Eye Disease Patients According to Age Groups

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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This study aimed to investigate the association between dry eye disease (DED) and DED-related anxiety and depression tendencies, as well as the risk factors for anxiety and depression in patients with DED of different age groups. This was a cross-sectional study involving 160 patients with DED and 80 healthy individuals aged 20–65 years. All participants completed the investigation of the demographic characteristics, the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire, and underwent objective clinical eye examinations. In patients aged 20–40 years, anxiety and depression scores were correlated with OSDI, sleep disorders, and Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA). In patients with DED aged 41−65 years, anxiety scores were correlated with sleep disorders, the level of DED impact on life and work, and the severity of DED. Depression scores were correlated with sleep disorders and the severity of DED. The results indicated that the tendency for anxiety and depression was closely associated with DED and sleep disorders. Moreover, the factors affecting anxiety and depression in patients varied with age.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences of Anxiety and Depression in Dry Eye Disease Patients According to Age Groups

Liu

Sun

et al. 2022

Front. Psychiatry

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“…Blink can maintain tear film stability of the ocular surface by promoting the reconstruction and development of the lipid layer ( 53 , 54 ). can be covered by tears through complete blinking, preventing damage from DED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry

Yuan

et al. 2022

Front. Med.

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PurposePrevious studies suggest that overnight orthokeratology (OOK) may be detrimental to tear function. We aimed to investigate the effect of OOK on lipid layer thickness (LLT), blink pattern, and meibomian gland and elucidate the relationship of these variables.MethodsThirty-seven participants who wore OOK lenses every night for at least 2 years and twenty-four healthy non-contact lens wearers (controls) were enrolled in this retrospective study. LipiView interferometry, blink pattern analysis, the ocular surface status, and morphology and function of the meibomian gland were determined.ResultsThe OOK group and healthy controls had similar LLT, blink patterns, ocular surface status, and the function of the meibomian gland. OOK participants demonstrated higher meiboscore in the lower eyelids (p < 0.05) but not in the upper eyelids. Within the OOK group, LLT was significantly impacted by the partial blink rate (p < 0.05) and the total score of the upper meibomian gland (p = 0.10).ConclusionsWearing OOK for 2 or more years increased lower eyelid meibomian gland dropout but did not have a reduction of LLT.

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“…The easier secretion of a clearer meibum after IPL–MGX therapy significantly thickened LLT and statistically increased TMH. However, final mean LLT (53.99 nm, Figure 1 ) was not thick enough to cover the whole cornea according to the international grade scale of interferometer IDRA test that LLT beyond 80 nm may appear as a stable and thick lipid layer containing colorful oil [ 27 , 28 ], leading to longer NIBUT. Even total mean lissamine green scores in our study were lower, indicating improvement of ocular surface conditions after first IPL–MGX combined therapy compared to pretreatment values, but the difference was statistically insignificant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination Treatment of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye

Peng

Chiu

Tuan

et al. 2022

Life

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Dry eye disease (DED) is most commonly caused by evaporative subtypes and mainly induced by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) is a noninvasive treatment for improvement of ocular discomfort symptoms and MGD. In this prospective study between November 2020 and May 2022, the patients with MGD and abnormal meibomian expressibility that met the criteria of both ocular surface disease index (OSDI) ≥ 13 scores and standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED) ≥ 8 scores were enrolled in Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital. Three separate treatment sessions of IPL therapy combined with MGX were administered to the lower lids, with an interval of 28 days. Further tear film assessment included lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), and meibomian gland loss (MGL) either before or after first and third IPL therapy combined with MGX. In addition, lissamine green staining and pain scores were also recorded. We totally enrolled 37 patients of 74 eyes. Men accounted for 18.92% (7/37). The mean age was 54.51 ± 11.72 years. The mean OSDI scores were 58.12 ± 22, while the SPEED scores were 17.03 ± 5.98. The mean Schirmer’s test was 3.66 ± 2.43 mm. After three sessions of IPL treatment with MGX, the OSDI, SPEED, LLT, TMH, MGL, MGXS, and pain scores were significantly improved. For the MGX scores (MGXS) ≤ 20 group, lissamine green scores showed nearly significant improvements. For the MGXS > 20 group, TMH revealed statistical improvement. Noninvasive IPL therapy with MGX statistically improved not only dry eye symptoms, but also tear film assessments, including LLT, TMH, and MGL.

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Relationship between the partial blink rate and ocular surface parameters

Cited by 17 publications

References 25 publications

Differences of Anxiety and Depression in Dry Eye Disease Patients According to Age Groups

Differences of Anxiety and Depression in Dry Eye Disease Patients According to Age Groups

Orthokeratology Lens Wear for 2 Years in Children Did Not Alter Tear Film Lipid Thickness by Non-Invasive Interferometry

Combination Treatment of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye

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