Relationship between throwing mechanics and elbow valgus in professional baseball pitchers

Werner, Sherry L.; Murray, Tricia A.; Hawkins, Richard J.; Gill, Thomas J.

doi:10.1067/mse.2002.121481

Cited by 131 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Examining the kinetic data, the stresses about the shoulder and elbow in the current study were similar in magnitude, as well as comparable to those previously reported [7]. Additionally, it has been reported that elbow varus moments are lower when the elbow is more flexed [20,23]. As displayed in the current data, our findings also reiterate lower varus moments when the elbow is more flexed, and then, as the motion progresses through the phases, the moment increases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Kinematics and Kinetics of Youth Baseball Catchers and Pitchers

Oliver

Lohse

Gascon

2015

Sports

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to compare the throwing kinematics and kinetics of youth catchers and pitchers. It was hypothesized that catchers and pitchers would exhibit differences throughout the throwing motion. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate kinematics during the four events of throwing: foot contact (FC), maximum shoulder external rotation (MER), ball release (BR) and maximum shoulder internal rotation (MIR). Additionally, kinetics were investigated within phases of the events: Phase 1 (cocking; FC to MER), Phase 2 (acceleration; MER to BR) and Phase 3 (deceleration; BR to MIR). Results revealed significant difference in torso flexion, lateral flexion, pelvis lateral flexion and segment velocities between the catchers and pitchers. Based on data from the current study, it appears that the youth catchers execute their throw as they have been instructed. It is unclear if the throwing mechanics displayed by these youth are efficient for a catcher, thus further investigation is needed to determine long-term injury susceptibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Kinematics and Kinetics of Youth Baseball Catchers and Pitchers

Oliver

Lohse

Gascon

2015

Sports

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“…This can generate up to 500 N compressive force at the radiocapitellar joint [40]. Kinematic tests have shown that up to 290 N can be generated across the elbow of a professional level pitcher [41]. Tests on cadaveric elbows, however, show an ultimate tensile strength of the anterior bundle of the medial ulnar collateral ligament to be 260 N [11].…”

Section: Active Stabilizersmentioning

confidence: 96%

Elbow anatomy and structural biomechanics

Alcid¹,

Ahmad

Lee

2004

Clinics in Sports Medicine

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“…27,28 The maximal muscle force was proportional to the mean physiologic cross-sectional area of each muscle based on data from the literature. 3,10,14,18,[25][26][27]42 Each specimen was preconditioned through 25 times of passive flexion-extension and varus-valgus.…”

Section: Experimental Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%