Relationship Between Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin–6 in Diabetic Retinopathy

Abstract

The results of the current study suggest that there is a relationship between VEGF and IL-6 but the role of IL-6 in diabetic retinopathy is unclear and may warrant further investigation.

Determination of vitreous interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

“…Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), and interferon-gama regulate cells and have immune and inflammatory properties. [8][9][10] When stimulated by human recombinant IL-1b and TNF-a, human RPE cells synthesise and secrete IL-6 and IL-8, the former being a potent mediator of inflammation. 11 In order to determine the relationship between immune mechanisms and diabetic retinopaty, we measured vitreous and serum IL-1b and TNF-a concentrations in patients with PDR.…”

A review of therapies for diabetic macular oedema and rationale for combination therapy

“…118 Vitreous levels of several inflammatory cytokines (including IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1) are increased in eyes with DMO and PDR. 119 In other studies, Funatsu et al [120][121][122] have reported significant elevations of VEGF, ICAM-1, IL-6, MCP-1, and pigment epithelium-derived factor, which correlated with retinal vascular permeability changes. In addition to this pathway, stimulation of 6-N-acetyl glucosaminyl-transferase in leukocyte can result in more modification of glycans on its surface thus inducing leukocyte rolling interactions to endothelial selectins.…”

Risk evaluation of outcome of vitreous surgery based on vitreous levels of cytokines

“…Measurement was performed with an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for human VEGF or IL-6 (R&D System, Minneapolis, MN, USA). 10 The VEGF kit was able to detect two of the four isoforms of this factor (VEGF 121 and VEGF 165 ), probably because these two shorter isoforms are secreted and the longer isoforms are cell-associated. ELISA was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

“…The severity of diabetic retinopathy was assessed by standardized fundus colour photography and fluorescein angiography (FA), which were performed with a Topcon TRC-50IA fundus camera, an image-net system (Tokyo Optical Co Ltd., Japan), and a preset lens with a slit-lamp at 1 day before vitreous surgery and 6 months afterwards. 10 Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy severity scale. [10][11][12] In particular, the severity of new vessels elsewhere (NVE), new vessels on or within 1 disc diameter of the disc (NVD), fibrous proliferation elsewhere (FPE), vitreous haemorrhage, and retinal detachment were graded according to the ETDRS system.…”

“…10 Diabetic retinopathy was graded according to the modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) retinopathy severity scale. [10][11][12] In particular, the severity of new vessels elsewhere (NVE), new vessels on or within 1 disc diameter of the disc (NVD), fibrous proliferation elsewhere (FPE), vitreous haemorrhage, and retinal detachment were graded according to the ETDRS system. 11,12 Retinal photocoagulation was divided into three categories: grade 1 was 800 laser shots or less to the whole retina, grade 2 was 800-1600 shots or less, and grade 3 was 1600 shots or more.…”