Relationship between YKL-40, neuron-specific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, and clinical assessment scores in traumatic brain injury

Kazakova, Maria; Pavlov, Georgi Angelov; Dichev, Valentin; Simitchiev, Kiril; Stefanov, Chavdar Stefanov; Sarafian, Victoria

doi:10.4103/atr.atr_43_20

Cited by 5 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Less commonly cited findings were five (1.0%) patients with intracerebral haematoma, two (0.4%) with a mixed diagnosis of SAH/SDH and one (0.2%) patient each with a compound depressed skull fracture, cerebral laceration and intraparenchymal haemorrhage. One study reported eight patients (2.6%) with ‘varied combinations of multiple intracranial lesions’ [ 38 ]. Of note, several patients had more than one finding reported—details can be found in Table 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine studies (594 patients) reported IL-6 concentrations in serum/plasma [ 28 , 29 , 33 , 35 – 37 , 39 , 41 , 42 ], three (132 patients) reported CSF levels [ 22 , 32 , 40 ] and two reported both [ 25 , 38 ]. One study reported brain parenchymal IL-6 levels obtained via cerebral microdialysis [ 43 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time points for CSF sampling were more varied. CSF sampling was via EVD inserted for intracranial pressure management in all but one study, in which lumbar puncture was performed [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies reported paired CSF and serum samples [ 25 , 32 , 38 ]. All of these demonstrated higher concentrations of IL-6 in CSF than in serum in the TBI population; however, the graphical representations in Pleines et al’s paper indicate that the temporal trends in concentration are mirrored between CSF and serum [ 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GOS was used as an outcome measure in twelve studies, whilst mortality alone was reported in five [ 29 , 36 , 38 , 41 , 43 ]. In total, 368 patients were included in all studies that reported mortality ( n = 10), of whom 125 died (34.0%) [ 22 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 36 – 38 , 40 , 41 , 43 ]; 366 patients were included in studies reporting long-term GOS ( n = 8), of which 205 patients had a good outcome (56.0%) [ 22 , 25 , 28 , 32 , 37 , 39 , 40 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin-6 as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. There are currently no early biomarkers for prognosis in routine clinical use. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a potential biomarker in the context of the established role of neuroinflammation in TBI recovery. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was performed to assess and summarise the evidence for IL-6 secretion representing a useful biomarker for clinical outcomes. A multi-database literature search between January 1946 and July 2021 was performed. Studies were included if they reported adult TBI patients with IL-6 concentration in serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and/or brain parenchyma analysed with respect to functional outcome and/or mortality. A synthesis without meta-analysis is reported. Fifteen studies were included, reporting 699 patients. Most patients were male (71.7%), and the pooled mean age was 40.8 years; 78.1% sustained severe TBI. Eleven studies reported IL-6 levels in serum, six in CSF and one in the parenchyma. Five studies on serum demonstrated higher IL-6 concentrations were associated with poorer outcomes, and five showed no signification association. In CSF studies, one found higher IL-6 levels were associated with poorer outcomes, one found them to predict better outcomes and three found no association. Greater parenchymal IL-6 was associated with better outcomes. Despite some inconsistency in findings, it appears that exaggerated IL-6 secretion predicts poor outcomes after TBI. Future efforts require standardisation of IL-6 measurement practices as well as assessment of the importance of IL-6 concentration dynamics with respect to clinical outcomes, ideally within large prospective studies. Prospero registration number: CRD42021271200

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Time points for CSF sampling were more varied. CSF sampling was via EVD inserted for intracranial pressure management in all but one study, in which lumbar puncture was performed [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin-6 as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

et al. 2022

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YKL-40 and LAMPs as possible markers in neuroinflammation and autophagy during central nervous system infections

Kazakova,

Kalchev,

Argirova

et al. 2024

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

et al. 2022

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by neuroinflammation and structural damage leading to symptoms and altered brain function. Biomarkers are useful in understanding neuroinflammation and correlations with TBI sequalae. The purpose of this paper is to identify and discuss biomarkers of neuroinflammation used to study TBI and its sequalae. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science. A total of 350 articles met criteria; 70 used biomarkers. PRISMA criteria were used for Quality Assessment. Articles included reviews ( n = 17), case-control ( n = 25), cross-sectional ( n = 25) studies, and randomized controlled trials ( n = 3). Twenty-seven biomarkers were identified, including inflammasomes, cytokines, neuropeptides, complement complexes, miRNA and exosomes, and glial cell-specific proteins. Biomarkers aid in predicting morbidity and mortality and advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in TBI. This systematic review advances our understanding of the neuroinflammatory response to better enable nurses and clinicians to provide informed care of TBI patients.

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Relationship between YKL-40, neuron-specific enolase, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin-6, and clinical assessment scores in traumatic brain injury

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

Interleukin-6 as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

Interleukin-6 as a prognostic biomarker of clinical outcomes after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

YKL-40 and LAMPs as possible markers in neuroinflammation and autophagy during central nervous system infections

Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

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