Relationship of hardiness and current life events to perceived health in rural adults

Abstract

The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the relationship of hardiness and current life events to perceived health in rural adults. Instruments used included Kobasa's (1982) Hardiness Scale, SRLE (Holmes & Rahe, 1967), and Engel's (1984) Perceived Health Status. Study results were based on 162 participants responding to a mailed questionnaire. The typical respondent was a 55-year-old married male who lived on a farm or ranch. Participants with higher levels of hardiness demonstrated a better perception of their mental and social health but not physical health. The study findings did not support the buffering effects of hardiness in the presence of greater amounts of stress.

Relation of health related hardiness to health perception and psychosocial adaptation in adult hispanics with chronic hepatitis C

“…Furthermore, the correlations between hardiness subscales and health perception were also significant. A substantial amount of research further confirms our findings that a significant relationship exists between hardiness and perceived health ( Pollock,1986;Nowack, 1989;Magnani, 1990;Lee, 1991;Nicholas, 1993). Nevertheless, this study further supports the relation of personality and health.…”

“…It is difficult to draw conclusions from this rather small sample size, however, Lee (1991) pointed out an interesting assumption. In his study, challenge did not enter in any of the heath perceived regression equations, and he postulated that this subscale is measured with items about economic security.…”

Hardiness as a Mediator of the Effects of Stressors and Strains on Reported Illnesses and Relational Difficulties in Farm and Ranch Families

“…larly those associated with stress reduction and management (Manning, Williams, & Wolfe, 1988;Pearlin, 1983). Although there is a strong theoretical connection between stress and illness, data showing direct causal relationships are scarce (Lee, 1991;Rabkin & Struening, 1976). the associations among family stress, health, and illness in individual family members.…”

Meanings of health and well-being for rural lesbians in northern British Columbia.

“…While hardiness is a stereotypical characteristic of rural dwellers in general (Lee, 1991), it is more often associated with people surviving adverse climate, isolation, and fewer resources and services than it is with facing "pervasive societal bias", which is the case for queers in rural communities (D'Augelli, Collins & Hart 1987, p. 13). As such, rural lesbians face both unique hardships presented by homophobia and 'normal' hardships which homophobia amplifies.…”

“…Self-reliance, hardiness, independence, industriousness, and productivity are all qualities that characterize rural people's meanings of health (Foster, 1997;Lee, 1993Lee, & 1991Leipert & Reutter, 1998;Smith, 1997). Lee (1993) states that, "For many rural persons, health is equated with the ability to work" (p. 19),…”