Relationships Between Flow, Mental Toughness, and Subjective Performance Perception in Various Triathletes

Meggs, Jennifer; Chen, Mark A.; Koehn, Stefan

doi:10.1177/0031512518803203

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These data concur with a recent review which indicated that MT represents one of the most important psychological attributes influencing athletic success (Cowden, ). This relationship between MT and success in sport is not only found when performance is assessed objectively, but also when the athlete assesses their own performance subjectively (Meggs, Chen & Koehn, ). It should be noted, however, that MT may be influenced by other psychological attributes such as task and ego orientation (Álvarez, Walker & Castillo, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety

Kristjánsdóttir

Jóhannsdóttir

Pic

et al. 2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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Women's football has been far less studied than men's. This work's objectives were to: (1) analyze the differences in psychological skills, mental toughness (MT), and anxiety in women football players according to their level (national team, first division, and second division); and (2) predict those three levels (using a multivariate model) according to the players’ psychological skills, mental toughness, and anxiety. One hundred and forty‐two Icelandic women football players (23.5 ± 3.5 years) participated in the study. They were classified into three groups according to their level: national team, and first and second divisions. Three questionnaires were used: the Test of Performance Strategies Questionnaire, the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the Sport Anxiety Scale‐2 questionnaire. A one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc correction was used to examine differences between teams. Applying a classification tree analysis, the participants were classified into three groups according to their level. There were few differences between the three groups in psychological skills, but in mental toughness and anxiety the national team had the highest and lowest values respectively, and the first and second division players differed in relaxation in competition (TOPS), total score and confidence (SMTQ), and worry (SAS‐2). The classification tree correctly classified 54.9% of the sample with the variables total score (SMTQ) and activation in practice (TOPS). Therefore, given the relevance that psychological attributes appear to have for women football players’ performance, it would seem indispensable to incorporate the figure of the sports psychologist into national and club teams.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety

Kristjánsdóttir

Jóhannsdóttir

Pic

et al. 2019

Scandinavian J Psychology

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“…Mental toughness in kickboxers correlated with the result obtained during competition [32]. Mental toughness indices were related to the subjectively assessed level of performance of triathletes and Ironman athletes [38] and the best time in triathlon competitions [22]. There was also a positive relationship between performance and mental toughness in adolescent women volleyball players [35].…”

Section: Effect Of Mental Toughness On Sporting Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mental toughness on sporting performance: review of studies

Guszkowska¹,

WÓJCIK²

2021

BJHPA

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The aim of the present review was to establish the correlation between mental toughness and sporting performance based on the results of studies published in scientific journals between 2000 and 2020. The keywords mental toughness and performance/ outcomes/ results/ competition were used to identify the papers. The search included the EBSCO and PubMed databases. Eventually, the analysis covered 18 articles. The research results presented in 16 papers confirmed the positive correlations of mental toughness with sport results and performance level. No such relationship was found only in equestrian and Alpine skiing athletes. Although mental toughness in basketball players did not correlate with the sport results, it was an important predictor. Higher mental toughness was found in athletes with better sports results, and it was a positive correlate or predictor of sports results. The relationships between mental toughness and competitive experience or age were not statistically significant. Various research tools were used to measure mental toughness: PPI, PPI-A, SMTQ, MTQ48, MTI, SMTI, MeBTough. The results confirm the positive correlation between mental toughness and sport results or performance levels in different sports, regardless of gender, age or level of sports skills. It seems appropriate to continue research on mental toughness in sport, including the relationship between mental toughness and sporting performance, differences between men and women, players in individual and team sports, the relationship between mental toughness and training experience, the athletes’ age, and the effectiveness of mental toughness programs.

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“…Gucciardi’s (2017) characterization recognizes both the traditional roots of MT and its contemporary application to a range of settings. These include sport (Meggs et al, 2018), education (Gerber et al, 2013a; St Clair-Thompson et al, 2015; Haghighi and Gerber, 2018), occupational (Marchant et al, 2009), and health (Coulter et al, 2010; Clough and Strycharczyk, 2012; Brand et al, 2014; Sadeghi Bahmani et al, 2016a; Kruger, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Assessment of Shortened Mental Toughness Questionnaires (MTQ): Factor Structure of the MTQ-18 and the MTQ-10

Dagnall¹,

Denovan²,

Papageorgiou³

et al. 2019

Front. Psychol.

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The 18-item Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-18) is a brief, widely used measure of mental toughness. The MTQ-18 derives from the longer MTQ-48, which comprises four independent but correlated factors (challenge, commitment, control, and confidence). Despite sampling items from across MTQ-48 dimensions, the MTQ-18 (as intended) provides a global, unidimensional score. Researchers have recently developed a further abridged version of the MTQ-18, the MTQ-10, which has demonstrated promising psychometric performance. The current paper assessed the factorial structure, reliability, predictive validity and invariance of the MTQ-18 and MTQ-10 in a sample of 944 students from English independent schools (year 11, aged 16 years). Respondents completed the MTQ-18 items online alongside the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the MTQ-10 was a superior general measure, because the MTQ-18 possessed additional variance to that accounted for by an unidimensional solution. Additionally, the MTQ-10 evidenced higher factor loadings and demonstrated better data-model fit. Tests of concurrent validity revealed the MTQ-10 was a stronger predictor of well-being (life satisfaction). Both the MTQ-18 and MTQ-10 demonstrated gender invariance at the configural, metric, and scalar level. Overall, although the MTQ-18 was a psychometrically acceptable measure, the MTQ-10 was a superior unidimensional measure of MT.

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Relationships Between Flow, Mental Toughness, and Subjective Performance Perception in Various Triathletes

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety

Psychological characteristics in women football players: Skills, mental toughness, and anxiety

Effect of mental toughness on sporting performance: review of studies

Psychometric Assessment of Shortened Mental Toughness Questionnaires (MTQ): Factor Structure of the MTQ-18 and the MTQ-10

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