Relationships between IGF-I, cortisol, and osteocalcin in peripheral plasma of growing pigs

Claus, R.; Weiler, Ulrike

doi:10.1055/s-0029-1211465

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Plasma cortisol concentrations were determined radioimmunologically as described by Claus and Weiler [ 38 ] with the following modifications. Before radioimmunological determination, an extraction of samples (5 µL diluted with 100 µL aqua bidest) with ethyl acetate (Applichem, Darmstadt, Germany) was carried out.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Housing Systems on Distribution, Function and Mitogen-Response of Leukocytes in Pregnant Sows

Grün

Schmucker

Schalk

et al. 2013

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe European Union imposes housing of pregnant sows in social groups since 2013 for animal welfare reasons. Nevertheless, the consequences of different housing conditions for the immune system of pregnant sows remain poorly investigated. We therefore analyzed important aspects of blood cellular immunity and cortisol concentrations of sows either housed in individual crates or in a group during gestation. The results show that individually housed sows had lower T cell numbers, but higher cortisol concentrations. Obviously, common housing conditions can differentially affect key elements of the adaptive immune system and hormonal indicators of stress in pregnant sows.AbstractIn pig production, pregnant sows are either housed in individual crates or in groups, the latter being mandatory in the EU since 2013. The consequences of different housing conditions on the immune system are however poorly investigated, although immunological alterations may have severe consequences for the animal’s health, performance, and welfare. This study assessed measures of blood celluar immunity with special emphasis on T cells in pregnant German Landrace sows either housed in individual crates or in a social group. Blood samples were taken at four samplings pre partum to evaluate numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations, mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine-producing T cells. Plasma cortisol concentrations were evaluated as an indicator of stress. We found lower blood lymphocyte numbers (p < 0.01) in individually housed as opposed to group-housed sows, an effect due to lower numbers of cytotoxic T cells, naive TH cells, and CD8+ γδ-T cells. Individually housed sows showed higher cortisol concentrations (p < 0.01), whereas lymphocyte functionality did not differ between sows of both housing systems. Possible implications and underlying mechanisms for the endocrine and immunological differences are discussed. We favor the hypothesis that differences in the stressfulness of the environment contributed to the effects, with crate-housing being a more stressful environment—at least under conditions of this study.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Different Housing Systems on Distribution, Function and Mitogen-Response of Leukocytes in Pregnant Sows

Grün

Schmucker

Schalk

et al. 2013

Animals

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“…Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 concentrations in plasma were determined radioimmunologically after acid ethanol extraction using a heterologous sensitive assay basing on hIGF‐I as described and validated for measurements in porcine plasma (Claus and Weiler, 1996). Carp IGF‐I is approximately 80% homologous to hIGF‐I (Duan, 1998), and the reliability of the heterologous assay for the determination of carp samples was checked by the determination of parallelism as described later.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of incorporating detoxified Jatropha curcas kernel meal in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diet on the expression of growth hormone‐ and insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐encoding genes

Kumar

Khalil

Weiler

et al. 2011

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Jatropha curcas is a drought-resistant shrub or small tree widespread all over the tropics and subtropics. The use of J. curcas (L) kernel meal in fish feed is limited owing to the presence of toxic and antinutritional constituents. In this study, it was detoxified using heat treatment and organic solvent extraction method. The detoxification process was carried out for 60 min to obtain the detoxified meal. Cyprinus carpio L. fingerlings (n = 180; avg. wt. 3.2 ± 0.07 g) were randomly distributed in five treatment groups with four replicates and fed isonitrogenous diets (crude protein 38%) for 8 weeks. The inclusion levels of the detoxified Jatropha kernel meal (DJKM) and soybean meal (SBM) were as follows: control diet was prepared with fish meal (FM) and wheat meal, without any DJKM and SBM; diets S(50) and J(50) : 50% of FM protein replaced by SBM and DJKM respectively; diets S(75) and J(75) : 75% of FM protein replaced by SBM and DJKM respectively. Highest body mass gain and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) gene expression in brain, liver and muscle were observed for the control group, which were statistically similar to those for J(50) group and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than for all other groups, whereas growth hormone gene expression in brain, liver and muscle exhibited opposite trend. Insulin-like growth factor-1 concentration in plasma did not differ significantly among the five groups. Conclusively, growth performance was in parallel with IGF-1 gene expression and exhibited negative trend with GH gene expression.

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“…Altogether, these data demonstrate that effective castration (SC or IC) is associated with decreased IGF-I concentrations, the reduction being less marked in IC than in SC pigs. When relating results on hormones to growth, it could be speculated that the absence of testicular steroids and the presence of relatively small amounts of leptin in IC after V2 compared with SC pigs result in greater feed intake in IC pigs (both estrogens and leptin are known to reduce appetite; Claus and Weiler, 1994;Barb et al, 1998). Together with the presence of greater IGF-I, which contributes to improved feed effi ciency, the increased feed intake enables stimulated growth (as observed for IC-L pigs; Table 2).…”

Section: Metabolic Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of feed restriction on hormones, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in immunocastrated pigs1

Batorek

Škrlep

Prunier

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of feed restriction applied to immunocastrated pigs in the period after the second vaccination (V2) against GnRH on hormonal status, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Immunocastrated pigs (IC) were compared with entire males (EM) and surgical castrates fed ad libitum. Pigs (Large White × Landrace) × Pietrain were either left entire or surgically castrated within 1 wk after birth (SC, n = 22). At 83 d of age, the entire males were further allotted to treatment groups (individual housing) of ad libitum fed EM (n = 24), ad libitum fed IC (IC-L, n = 21), or restrictively fed IC (IC-R, n = 21). At that time, the first vaccination (V1) was applied to IC-L and IC-R pigs. One week after V2 (age 130 d), feed restriction (≈ 80% of the ad libitum feed intake of SC pigs) was applied to IC-R pigs. The experiment ended 5 wk after V2, when pigs were 165 d old. Immunocastration successfully reduced boar taint compounds and size of reproductive organs. At 130 d, serum leptin concentrations were similar in all groups, whereas IGF-I concentration was less in SC (P ≤ 0.002) than in the other groups. Three weeks after V2, leptin concentrations of both IC groups were in between EM (least) and SC (greatest). The reverse was observed for IGF-I. Feed restriction had no effect on leptin or IGF-I concentrations in IC pigs. In the period V1 to V2, performance differed mainly between EM and SC, whereas both IC groups had feed intake and feed conversion ratio similar to EM and intermediate daily BW gain, not differing from either EM or SC. After V2, IC-L pigs increased their feed intake to the concentrations of SC, with faster growth compared with the other 3 groups (P < 0.05) and fatter carcasses compared with EM pigs (P = 0.007). Similar performance and carcass leanness were observed for IC-R and EM pigs. During preslaughter handling more carcass lesions were noted in EM and IC-R than in IC-L or SC pigs (P < 0.002). Neither immunocastration nor feed restriction had any effect on meat quality, but EM had greater drip loss, less intramuscular fat, and decreased tenderness than SC pigs. In conclusion, restricting feed intake can increase production efficiency but also aggressiveness of IC pigs.

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Relationships between IGF-I, cortisol, and osteocalcin in peripheral plasma of growing pigs

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of Different Housing Systems on Distribution, Function and Mitogen-Response of Leukocytes in Pregnant Sows

Influence of Different Housing Systems on Distribution, Function and Mitogen-Response of Leukocytes in Pregnant Sows

Influences of incorporating detoxified Jatropha curcas kernel meal in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) diet on the expression of growth hormone‐ and insulin‐like growth factor‐1‐encoding genes

Effect of feed restriction on hormones, performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in immunocastrated pigs1

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