Relationships between pulse wave velocity and heart rate variability in healthy men with a range of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels

Perkins, Gill; Owen, Andrew; Swaine, Ian; Wiles, J.

doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0303-9

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Despite the strenuous level of exercise among most of the controls, their mean large arterial elasticity was much better than among MetS patients. In a previous study, physical activity did not predict arterial stiffness [44]. In the present study, impairment of large arterial elasticity was evident among MetS subjects even after adjustment for physical activity.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins and arterial elasticity: comparison between men with metabolic syndrome and physically active counterparts

Pohjantähti‐Maaroos

Palomäki

Kankkunen

et al. 2010

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundAccumulation of oxidized low-density lipoproteins in the intimae of arteries and endothelial dysfunction are key events in the development of atherosclerosis. Patients with metabolic syndrome are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases but the linkage between metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis is incompletely understood. We studied whether the levels of oxidized LDL and arterial elasticity differ between metabolic syndrome patients and physically active controls.Methods40 men with metabolic syndrome and 40 physically active controls participated in this cross-sectional study. None of the study subjects had been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Levels of oxidized LDL were assessed by a two-site ELISA immunoassay. Arterial elasticity was assessed non-invasively by the HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000 arterial tonometer.ResultsLevels of oxidized LDL were 89.6 ± 33.1 U/L for metabolic syndrome subjects and 68.5 ± 23.6 U/L for controls (p = 0.007). The difference remained significant after adjustment for LDL cholesterol. Large artery elasticity index (C1) was 16.2 ± 4.1 mL/mmHgx10 for metabolic syndrome subjects and 19.4 ± 3.7 mL/mmHgx10 for controls (p = 0.001), small artery indices (C2) were 7.0 ± 3.2 mL/mmHgx100 and 6.5 ± 2.9 mL/mmHgx100 (NS), respectively.ConclusionsSubjects with metabolic syndrome had elevated levels of oxidized LDL and reduced large arterial elasticity compared to controls. This finding may partly explain the increased risk for cardiovascular diseases among metabolic syndrome patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01114763

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins and arterial elasticity: comparison between men with metabolic syndrome and physically active counterparts

Pohjantähti‐Maaroos

Palomäki

Kankkunen

et al. 2010

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…It has been shown in studies where MAP was changed pharmacologically, that cfPWV and BP exhibited a curvilinear relationship. [44][45][46] However, as other empirical data have shown the 2 to be linearly associated, 5,12 it is not unreasonable to assume a linear relationship between cfPWV and BP in this study. Our BP correction method using mathematical modeling incorporates the nonlinear relationship between BP and cfPWV, and it is based on an assumed exponential P-A relationship.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Heart Rate Dependency of Large Artery Stiffness

et al. 2016

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Tan et al Heart Rate Dependency of Large Artery Stiffness 237 Hemodynamic MeasurementsBrachial BP, central aortic BP, and cfPWV were determined by cuffbased pulse wave analysis (SphygmoCor XCEL, AtCor, Sydney, Australia). Brachial BP was obtained by oscillometric method with a brachial cuff positioned on the right arm, and central aortic waveform was derived from the brachial BP volume displacement waveform using a validated transfer function. 16 For measurement of cfPWV, the carotid and femoral pulse waveforms were obtained by tonometry on the skin above the right carotid artery and by a cuff placed on the right upper thigh, respectively. 17,18 Subtraction method for path length was used to calculate cfPWV, whereby the path length was calculated as the distance between the sternal notch and the carotid site subtracted from the distance between the sternal notch and top of the thigh cuff. 17 In a subset of the study's cohort (n=45), beat-to-beat stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were determined from the finger arterial pressure waveform using the Modelflow method (Finometer PRO, Finapres Medical Systems, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). 19 Study ProtocolSubjects were advised to refrain from caffeine and fatty meals 4 hours before their study appointment, but to continue with their prescribed medications. There were no current tobacco users in the cohort. After 10 minutes of seated rest, seated brachial BP was measured in duplicate (SphygmoCor XCEL). After a further 10 minutes of supine rest, finger arterial pressure waveform was measured from the left middle finger (Finometer PRO) to obtain SV, CO, and TPR. Brachial and central aortic BP and cfPWV were then obtained (SphygmoCor XCEL). Subjects were then paced in a randomized sequence at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 bpm using their prescribed pacemaker settings, with BP and cfPWV measurements repeated at each pacing step after 3 minutes of stabilization. ECG was also acquired continuously for the duration of the study for monitoring of HR (PowerLab acquisition system, LabChart software, ADInstruments, Dunedin, New Zealand), and SV, CO, and TPR from the Finometer PRO device were also recorded via PowerLab and LabChart. The average duration for study protocol completion was 60 minutes. Data AnalysisFor pulse wave analysis, brachial and central aortic BP waveforms were averaged >5 s, and cfPWV was averaged >10 s. Observations with measured HR differing from the paced rate by >5 bpm were excluded from the analysis, and the lowest pace rates of 60 and 70 bpm were not achievable in some subjects because of a higher unpaced resting HR. A linear mixed model with maximum likelihood was used to determine the effects of HR on each measured variable, with paced HR modeled as the fixed effect and the random effect modeled as the intercept for each individual (Equation 1).where Yij denotes the outcome measure at a particular paced HR for one individual, ε ij , the residual of variances, and u j , the random effect becase of individual subjec...

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“…Electrocardiographic recordings of 5-min duration were analysed for HRV using the Chart version 3.6.3/s HRV module (ADInstruments Ltd, Castle Hill, Australia), the methods having been previously described by Perkins et al (2006) Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output (Q : ) was performed using the Innocor inert gas rebreathing system (Innovision A/S, Odense S, Denmark). Participants were asked to sit in a standardised upright position to prevent any interference with normal breathing (Damgaard and Norsk 2005).…”

Section: Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of performing isometric training at two exercise intensities in healthy young males

2009

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No previous studies have examined the effects of isometric training intensity upon resting blood pressure (BP). The aims of this study were (a) to compare the effects of leg isometric training, performed at two intensities, upon resting systolic-SBP, diastolic-DBP and mean arterial-MAP BP; and (b) to examine selected cardiovascular variables, in an attempt to explain any changes in resting BP following training. Thirty-three participants were randomly allocated to either control, high- (HI) or low-intensity (LI) training for 8 weeks. Participants performed 4 x 2 min exercise bouts 3x weekly. Resting BP was measured at baseline, 4-weeks and post-training. SBP, DBP and MAP fell significantly in both groups after training. Changes were -5.2 +/- 4.0, -2.6 +/- 2.9 and -2.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg [HI]; -3.7 +/- 3.7, -2.5 +/- 4.8 and -2.6 +/- 2.5 mmHg [LI] for SBP, DBP and MAP, respectively. There were no significant changes in BP at 4 weeks. No significant changes were observed in any of the other cardiovascular variables examined. These findings suggest that isometric training causes reductions in SBP, DBP and MAP at a range of exercise intensities, when it is performed over 8 weeks. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce resting BP using a much lower isometric exercise intensity than has previously been shown.

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Relationships between pulse wave velocity and heart rate variability in healthy men with a range of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins and arterial elasticity: comparison between men with metabolic syndrome and physically active counterparts

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoproteins and arterial elasticity: comparison between men with metabolic syndrome and physically active counterparts

Heart Rate Dependency of Large Artery Stiffness

The effects of performing isometric training at two exercise intensities in healthy young males

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