Relationships between the epiphysis and hippocampus during formation of a stress response

Arushanyan, É. B.; Бейер, Эдуард В.

doi:10.1007/bf02462981

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“… 22 Both the pineal gland and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal system contribute to the general defense responses, with glucocorticoids postulated to modulate the activity of the pineal gland. 24 , 25 Moreover, the antistress properties of the pineal gland have been reported to be mediated by the functional state of the hippocampus, 26 a brain structure especially sensitive to glucocorticoids. This brain region has a key role in memory consolidation, cognition and mood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of NOTCH1 gene in susceptibility to anxiety and depression among sexual abuse victims

et al. 2016

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Sexual abuse contributes to the development of multiple forms of psychopathology, including anxiety and depression, but the extent to which genetics contributes to these disorders among sexual abuse victims remains unclear. In this translational study, we first examined gene expression in the brains of rodents exposed to different early-life conditions (long, brief or no maternal separation). Hypothesizing that genes revealing changes in expression may have relevance for psychiatric symptoms later in life, we examined possible association of those genes with symptoms of anxiety and depression in a human sample of sexual abuse victims. Changes in rodent brain gene expression were evaluated by means of correspondence and significance analyses of microarrays by comparing brains of rodents exposed to different early-life conditions. Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of resulting candidate genes were genotyped and tested for their association with symptoms of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) in a sample of 361 sexual abuse victims, using multinomial logistic regression. False discovery rate was applied to account for multiple testing in the genetic association study, with q-value of 0.05 accepted as significant. We identified four genes showing differential expression among animals subjected to different early-life conditions as well as having potential relevance to neural development or disorders: Notch1, Gabrr1, Plk5 and Zfp644. In the human sample, significant associations were observed for two NOTCH1 tag SNPs: rs11145770 (OR=2.21, q=0.043) and rs3013302 (OR=2.15, q=0.043). Our overall findings provide preliminary evidence that NOTCH1 may be implicated in the susceptibility to anxiety and depression among sexual abuse victims. The study also underscores the potential importance of animal models for future studies on the health consequences of early-life stress and the mechanisms underlying increased risk for psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of NOTCH1 gene in susceptibility to anxiety and depression among sexual abuse victims

et al. 2016

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Characterization of tryptophan high affinity transport system in pinealocytes of the rat. Day-night modulation

et al. 2003

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Tryptophan is required in the pineal gland for the formation of serotonin, precursor of melatonin biosynthesis. The level of this amino acid in the serum and in the pineal gland of the rat undergoes a circadian rhythm, and reduced plasma tryptophan concentration decreases secretion of melatonin in humans. Tryptophan is transported into the cells by the long chain neutral amine acid system T and by the aromatic amino acid system T. The high affinity component of [(3)H]tryptophan uptake was studied in pinealocytes of the rat. Inhibition was observed in the presence of phenylalanine or tyrosine, but not in the presence of neutral amino acids, alanine, glycine, serine, lysine or by 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, a substrate specific for system L. The transport of tryptophan was temperature-dependent and trans-stimulated by phenylalanine and tyrosine, but was energy-, sodium-, chloride-, and pH-independent. In addition, the sulphydryl agent N-ethylmaleimide did not modify the high affinity transport of tryptophan in pinealocytes. The kinetic parameters were not significantly different at 12:00 as compared to 24:00 h. The treatment with the inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, p-chlorophenylalanine, produced an increase in the maximal velocity of the uptake and a reduction in the affinity at 12:00, but not at 24:00 h, probably indicating that during the day, the formation of serotonin in the pineal gland is favoured by elevating the uptake of tryptophan, whereas at 24:00 h other mechanisms, such as induction of enzymes are taking place. High affinity tryptophan uptake in the rat pineal gland occurs through system T and is upregulated during the day when the availability of serotonin is reduced.

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Anxiolytic-like effects of a new 1-N substituted analog of melatonin in pinealectomized rats

Bustamante-García

Lira‐Rocha

Espejo-González

et al. 2014

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

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Relationships between the epiphysis and hippocampus during formation of a stress response

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Implication of NOTCH1 gene in susceptibility to anxiety and depression among sexual abuse victims

Implication of NOTCH1 gene in susceptibility to anxiety and depression among sexual abuse victims

Characterization of tryptophan high affinity transport system in pinealocytes of the rat. Day-night modulation

Anxiolytic-like effects of a new 1-N substituted analog of melatonin in pinealectomized rats

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