“…For biocenoses in springs the proximity of other aquatic environments is important as well (Pakulnicka, 1999). The role of biotic factors, including interspecies interactions, has been emphasized Lawton, 1990a, 1990b;Pakulnicka et al, 2013Pakulnicka et al, , 2015aFrelik, 2014;Frelik and Pakulnicka, 2015). Finally, in recent decades awareness is growing of the importance of factors shaping the landscape, such as geographical location and the type, structure, and use of the landscape, for aquatic environments and the macroinvertebrates inhabiting them (Castella et al, 1991;Delettre et al, 1992;Khmeleva et al, 1994;Richards and Host, 1994;Richards et al, 1996;Pakulnicka, 1999;Delettre and Morvan, 2000;Galic et al, 2013;Zawal et al, 2015aZawal et al, , 2015b.…”