Relative sea-level changes and crustal movements in Britain and Ireland since the Last Glacial Maximum

Shennan, Ian; Bradley, Sarah; Edwards, Robin

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.031

Cited by 112 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The indicative meaning of an isolation contact will vary depending on basin hydrology, freshwater discharge and the level of exposure to wind and waves (Kjemperud, ; Shennan et al , , ). The outlets of Grødheimsvatnet and Kringlemyr are well shielded by the surrounding topography, and based on the phytoplankton content in the surface sediments of Seiatjørna, a comparable lake where the outlet is currently situated 1 ± 1 cm below MHWST (Supporting Information), we infer that the isolation contacts in this study represent the time when the basin outlets were level with MHWST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relative sea‐level (RSL) reconstructions from formerly glaciated areas (‘near‐field’ sites) (e.g. Lohne et al , ; Long et al , ; Shennan et al , ), represent an important tool for improving models of Glacial Isostatic adjustment (GIA) (Peltier, ; Lecavalier et al , ). Integration of empirical data and numerical models will be crucial in future palaeo‐ice‐sheet reconstructions (Stokes et al , ), and the areas that first became deglaciated following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are particularly valuable in this respect, as they can provide the longest available near‐field RSL histories (Shennan et al , ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lohne et al, 2007;Long et al, 2011;Shennan et al, 2018), represent an important tool for improving models of Glacial Isostatic adjustment (GIA) (Peltier, 2004;Lecavalier et al, 2014). Integration of empirical data and numerical models will be crucial in future palaeo-ice-sheet reconstructions (Stokes et al, 2015), and the areas that first became deglaciated following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are particularly valuable in this respect, as they can provide the longest available near-field RSL histories (Shennan et al, 2018). Recent studies using cosmogenic exposure dating indicate deglaciation ages of around 20 ka BP for the outer Boknafjorden area in south-west Norway (Svendsen et al, 2015;Gump et al, 2017), making it an ideal location for obtaining long RSL records.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of early deglaciation (18 000 cal a bp) and a postglacial relative sea‐level curve from southern Karmøy, south‐west Norway

Vasskog

Svendsen

Mangerud

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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Based on six consistent radiocarbon dates from the isolation basins Grødheimsvatnet and Kringlemyr, we estimate a minimum deglaciation age for southern Karmøy, an island in outer Boknafjorden (south‐west Norway), of around 18 000 calibrated years before present (18k cal a bp). We use microscopic phytoplankton, macrofossils, lithostratigraphic evidence and X‐ray fluorescence data to identify the isolation contacts in the basins, and date them to 17.52–17.18k cal a bp in Grødheimsvatnet [15.57 m above present mean sea level (MSL)] and 16.19–15.80k cal a bp in Kringlemyr (11.99 m above MSL). Combining these data with previous studies, we construct a relative sea‐level (RSL) curve from 18k cal a bp until the present, which is ~3 ka longer than any previous RSL reconstruction from southern Norway. Following deglaciation, southern Karmøy has experienced a net emergence of around 16–19 m, although with significant RSL fluctuations. This includes two RSL minima well below present MSL around ~13.8 and ~10k cal a bp, and two maxima that culminated around 5–7 m above MSL during the Younger Dryas and early to mid‐Holocene, respectively. Considering eustatic sea level and modelled gravitational deformation of the geoid, we estimate a net postglacial isostatic uplift of ~120 m. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence of early deglaciation (18 000 cal a bp) and a postglacial relative sea‐level curve from southern Karmøy, south‐west Norway

Vasskog

Svendsen

Mangerud

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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“…Sea levels were also low (Edwards & Craven ; O'Connell & Molloy ; Shennan et al . ), but ostracod and other evidence point to slightly brackish lake conditions (Holmes et al . ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…During this time, lake level was considerably lower than at present . Sea levels were also low (Edwards & Craven 2017;O'Connell & Molloy 2017;Shennan et al 2018), but ostracod and other evidence point to slightly brackish lake conditions ). In the Early Holocene, woodland perturbations, ascribed to regional climatic deteriorations at 9200 and 8200 cal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Younger Dryas and Holocene environmental change at the Atlantic fringe of Europe derived from lake‐sediment stable‐isotope records from western Ireland

Holmes

Leuenberger

Molloy

et al. 2019

Boreas

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Western Ireland lies at the Atlantic fringe of Europe and is thus well positioned to record changes in climate linked to North Atlantic circulation. Lake‐sediment oxygen and carbon isotopes are sensitive to changes in the atmosphere, the lake catchment and the lake itself, and thus are valuable proxies for long‐term environmental change. Here we present Younger Dryas and Holocene stable‐isotope records from endogenic and biogenic carbonates from An Loch Mór, a karstic lake on Inis Oírr, Aran Islands, western Ireland. The bulk carbonate and ostracod‐derived stable‐isotope records are a complex response to regional climatic and local factors. Low oxygen‐isotope and high carbon‐isotope values in the Younger Dryas most likely reflect low air temperatures and dominance of bedrock‐derived carbon from the poorly vegetated catchment, but input of detrital carbonate cannot be ruled out. Holocene variations in oxygen‐isotope values are likely a response mainly to changes in the isotopic composition of rainfall, evaporative enrichment of lake water and, during the past millennium, incursion of seawater as a result of regional sea‐level rise. A reduction in carbon‐isotope values at the Younger Dryas/Early Holocene transition reflects increased input of soil‐derived carbon to the lake, modified by changes in aquatic productivity. During the past millennium a shift to less negative values is attributed mainly to increasing saline influence. Broad similarities with stable‐isotope records from other sites in western Ireland suggest regional climatic controls dominated by North Atlantic atmospheric circulation patterns, although abrupt events, that were possibly unique to An Loch Mór, point to local factors also being important.

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Resolving tsunami wave dynamics: Integrating sedimentology and numerical modelling

Hill,

Rush,

Peakall

et al. 2023

The Depositional Record

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Tsunamis are a major hazard along many of the world's coastlines. To understand the impact of these events, a sufficiently long record of previous events is needed, which can be provided by their sedimentary deposits. A number of past events have left extensive sedimentary deposits that can be used to understand the hydrodynamics of the tsunami. The ca 8.15 ka Storegga submarine slide was a large, tsunamigenic mass movement off the coast of Norway. The resulting tsunami had estimated run‐up heights of around 10 to 20 m on the Norwegian coast, over 30 m in Shetland and 3 to 6 m on the Scottish mainland coast. New cores were taken from the Ythan Valley in North‐East Scotland, where Storegga tsunami deposits have previously been found. High‐resolution sedimentary analyses of the cores, combined with statistical (changepoint) analysis, shows signatures of multiple waves. Moreover, detailed CT scans of the erosional basal surface reveal sole marks called skim marks. Taken in conjunction with the grain size and sedimentary fabric characteristics of the tsunami deposits, this indicates that the flow exhibited a high‐concentration basal component, with an initial semi‐cohesive phase and that deposition was dominantly capacity driven. A multiple wave hypothesis is tested by creating a high‐resolution numerical model (metre‐scale) of the wave inundation, coupled to a previously published regional model. The inundation model confirms that multiple waves passed over the site in agreement with the sedimentological analysis. The sensitivity of the model to the reconstructed palaeocoastal geomorphology is quantitatively explored. It is concluded that local palaeogeomorphological reconstruction is key to understanding the hydrodynamics of a tsunami wave group in relation to its sedimentary deposit. Combining sedimentological data with high‐resolution inundation modelling is a powerful tool to help interpret the sedimentary record of tsunami events and hence to improve knowledge of their risks.

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Relative sea-level changes and crustal movements in Britain and Ireland since the Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 112 publications

References 61 publications

Evidence of early deglaciation (18 000 cal a bp) and a postglacial relative sea‐level curve from southern Karmøy, south‐west Norway

Evidence of early deglaciation (18 000 cal a bp) and a postglacial relative sea‐level curve from southern Karmøy, south‐west Norway

Younger Dryas and Holocene environmental change at the Atlantic fringe of Europe derived from lake‐sediment stable‐isotope records from western Ireland

Resolving tsunami wave dynamics: Integrating sedimentology and numerical modelling

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