Relay structures in a Lower Permian basement-involved extension system, East Greenland

Larsen, Poul-Henrik

doi:10.1016/0191-8141(88)90122-8

Cited by 269 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…In sedimentary sequences exposed to extension, such as in continental rifts, soft-linked relay ramps form as growing fault segments become overlapped along-strike, and strain is transferred from one segment to the other (e.g. Larsen 1988;Peacock & Sanderson 1991). When the soft-linked relay ramp is eventually severed by through-going fault(s), a breached relay is formed (Childs et al 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic investigation of the effect of a relay ramp on simulated fluid flow: geocellular modelling of the Delicate Arch Ramp, Utah

Rotevatn

Tveranger

Howell

et al. 2009

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A fluid flow simulation study was performed to investigate potential contrasts in reservoir performance between models displaying a soft-linked relay ramp vs. models with a continuous fault. The relay ramp model is based on a well-exposed outcrop analogue -the Delicate Arch Ramp, Arches National Park, Utah. In outcrop, the relay ramp exhibits a pervasive system of cataclastic deformation bands, which were mapped and incorporated into the reservoir simulation models. Several models were simulated, using deformation-band permeability as the main variable tested. Results show that when compared to flow across continuous faults, the presence of soft-linked relay ramps enhances net flow across the fault zone in all tested scenarios. Comparing models with deformation bands to the model that includes the ramp but no deformation bands illustrates that, although having an impact on flow tortuosity and sweep efficiency, deformation bands must have a very low permeability and be numerous before having a negative impact on recovery. Deformation bands with midrange permeabilities were shown to have a positive effect on recovery in the relay models, as they increase flow tortuosity and enhance sweep, causing later water breakthrough and prolonging production. Using very low-permeable deformation bands in the same models caused extremely poor pressure communication between the fault-breached compartments, despite the geometric connectivity provided by the sub-continuous relay beds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic investigation of the effect of a relay ramp on simulated fluid flow: geocellular modelling of the Delicate Arch Ramp, Utah

Rotevatn

Tveranger

Howell

et al. 2009

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“…Because these weaknesses are often noncontinuous, the initial rift segments distributed in loose and in-line or en echelon arrangements (Morley et al, 2004) and need to interact and connect to form a continuous rift system. Associated rift linkage structures are classified as either transfer zones (TZs) when a discrete fault system connects both rift segments (hard linkage) or accommodation zones (soft linkage) when deformation is distributed and faults do not connect (Rosendahl, 1987;Larsen, 1988;Childs et al, 1995;Faulds and Varga, 1998;Figure 1e and 1f). The complex evolution and structuration of rift interaction zones has an important influence on sedimentary facies distribution and the migration and trapping of hydrocarbons (Morley et al, 1990;Paul and Mitra, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How oblique extension and structural inheritance influence rift segment interaction: Insights from 4D analog models

Zwaan

Schreurs

2017

Interpretation

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Rifting of the continental lithosphere involves the initial formation of distinct rift segments, often along preexisting crustal heterogeneities resulting from preceding tectonic phases. Progressive extension, either orthogonal or oblique, causes these rift segments to interact and connect, ultimately leading to a full-scale rift system. We study continental rift interaction processes with the use of analog models to test the influence of a range of structural inheritance (seed) geometries and various degrees of oblique extension. The inherited geometry involves main seeds, offset in a right-stepping fashion, along which rift segments form as well as the presence or absence of secondary seeds connecting the main seeds. X-ray computer tomography techniques are used to analyze the 3D models through time, and results are compared with natural examples. Our experiments indicate that the extension direction exerts a key influence on rift segment interaction. Rift segments are more likely to connect through discrete fault structures under dextral oblique extension conditions because they generally propagate toward each other. In contrast, sinistral oblique extension commonly does not result in hard linkage because rift segment tend to grow apart. These findings also hold when the system is mirrored: left-stepping rift segments under sinistral and dextral oblique extension conditions, respectively. However, under specific conditions, when the right-stepping rift segments are laterally far apart, sinistral oblique extension can produce hard linkage in the shape of a strike-slip-dominated transfer zone. A secondary structural inheritance between rift segments might influence rift linkage, but only when the extension direction is favorable for activation. Otherwise, propagating rifts will simply align perpendicularly to the extension direction. When secondary structural grains do reactivate, the resulting transfer zone and the strike of internal faults follow their general orientation. However, these structures can be slightly oblique due to the influence of the extension direction. Several of the characteristic structures observed in our models are also present in natural rift settings such as the Rhine-Bresse Transfer Zone, the Rio Grande Rift, and the East African Rift System.

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“…These faults juxtapose pre-Miocene recrystallized limestone either with Plio-Quaternary terrace deposits or Early Miocene-Early Pliocene volcano-sedimentary sequences. (Larsen, 1988;Sanderson, 1991, 1994).…”

Section: Geological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the advancing stages, high strain and increasing displacement are required to break the relay area and the formation of the breaching fault (Larsen, 1988). Relay geometry and style of evolution are controlled by the local geological settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural analyses of Şaphane relay ramps and fault linkage evolution in active extensional regime, western Turkey

Gürboğa¹

2014

Turkish J Earth Sci

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In the system, there are a number of extensional features such as normal faults, listric faults, growth faults, relay ramps, and horst and graben systems (Koçyiğit et al., 2000;Bozkurt, 2001). Although relay structures can be formed in different tectonic regimes, most of the examples given in the literature have been identified in extensional systems.The term "relay ramp" was first used by Goguel (1952) to define "relais des failles" or relay structures. Although Gibbs (1984) used the term "transfer fault" to describe the link between 2 adjacent normal faults, he did not mention the term "relay ramp" specifically. Moreover, some other authors clarified transfer zones having the same deformation pattern of relay ramps that have been created by transfer faults (Chadwick, 1986;Morley et al., 1990;Peacock et al., 2000). Relay ramps and their formation stages in extensional systems are defined in the literature by different authors in different areas (

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Relay structures in a Lower Permian basement-involved extension system, East Greenland

Cited by 269 publications

References 11 publications

Dynamic investigation of the effect of a relay ramp on simulated fluid flow: geocellular modelling of the Delicate Arch Ramp, Utah

Dynamic investigation of the effect of a relay ramp on simulated fluid flow: geocellular modelling of the Delicate Arch Ramp, Utah

How oblique extension and structural inheritance influence rift segment interaction: Insights from 4D analog models

Structural analyses of Şaphane relay ramps and fault linkage evolution in active extensional regime, western Turkey

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