Reliability and validity of assessing lower‐limb muscle architecture of patients with cerebral palsy (<scp>CP</scp>) using ultrasound: A systematic review

Liu, Wei; Wu, Hui Dong; Ling, Yan To; Shea, Queenie Tsung Kwan; Nazari, Vaheh; Zheng, Yongping; Zong-Hao, Christina

doi:10.1002/jcu.23498

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

(318 reference statements)

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Reliability of Ultrasonographically Acquired Muscle Morphology Based on a Cohort of Men and Women

Fröhlich,

Rabello,

Bueno Ingrassia

et al. 2024

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Objective: The objective was to evaluate intrarater and inter-rater reliability of ultrasonography muscle morphology measurements in men and women, considering morphological differences between the genders. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two healthy subjects (16 male; 16 female; 26.6 ± 4.9 years) participated in two evaluation days. On day 1, subjects were evaluated by a single experienced rater, who repeated the evaluation on the next testing day along with two other raters. Muscle morphology of quadriceps femoris (QMT), rectus femoris (RFMT), vastus intermedius (VIMT), vastus medialis (VMMT), and vastus lateralis (VLMT) muscle thickness, rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area (RFCSA), vastus lateralis muscle fascicle length (VLFL), and pennation angle (VLPA) were obtained. Reliability was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: All intrarater comparisons demonstrated good reliability (ICC >0.90), even after participants’ gender stratification (ICC >0.81). Inter-rater comparisons for RFCSA, and muscle thickness showed good reliability (ICC >0.76). Male’s VLFL and VLPA reliability was considered insufficient (ICC = 0.58 and 0.60, respectively), while female’s was slightly higher (ICC = 0.79 and 0.75, respectively). Conclusion: Ultrasonography has potential to be used to observe changes in muscle size, but pennation angle and fascicle length should be evaluated by the same rater.

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Reliability of Ultrasonographically Acquired Muscle Morphology Based on a Cohort of Men and Women

Fröhlich,

Rabello,

Bueno Ingrassia

et al. 2024

Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on paretic gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles contraction of stroke survivors during walking: a pilot study

Liu,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is commonly prescribed for stroke survivors with foot drop to aid in foot clearance while walking and reduce fall risk. However, its impact on the contraction patterns of paretic ankle muscles remains inconclusive. This pilot study investigated the contraction of paretic tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles in twenty sub-acute stroke patients wearing AFO during walking using a wearable dynamic ultrasound imaging and motion sensors. Results showed an increase in TA muscle thickness throughout a gait cycle (p > 0.05) and a significant increase in TA muscle surface mechanomyography (sMMG) signal during pre- and initial swing phases (p < 0.05) when using AFO. MG muscle thickness generally decreased with AFO (p > 0.05), aligning more closely with healthy adults' trends throughout a gait cycle. MG sEMG signal significantly decreased during the initial and mid-swing phases when wearing AFO (p < 0.05). The TA-MG co-contraction index notably decreased during initial and mid-swing phases with AFO (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that AFO can promptly influence the contraction patterns of paretic ankle muscles during walking in stroke patients, but further research is needed to understand its long-term effects.

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Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Paretic Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscle Contraction of Stroke Survivors During Walking: A Pilot Study

Liu,

Wu,

et al. 2024

Biosensors

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Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) have been commonly prescribed for stroke survivors with foot drop, but their impact on the contractions of paretic tibialis anterior (TA) and medial gastrocnemius (MG) has remained inconclusive. This study thus investigated the effect of AFOs on these muscle contractions in stroke survivors. The contractions of paretic TA and MG muscles were assessed in twenty stroke patients and compared between walking with and without AFOs, using a novel wearable dynamic ultrasound imaging and sensing system. The study found an increase in TA muscle thickness throughout a gait cycle (p > 0.05) and a significant increase in TA muscle surface mechanomyography (sMMG) signals during the pre- and initial swing phases (p < 0.05) when using an AFO. MG muscle thickness generally decreased with the AFO (p > 0.05), aligning more closely with trends seen in healthy adults. The MG surface electromyography (sEMG) signal significantly decreased during the initial and mid-swing phases when wearing an AFO (p < 0.05). The TA-MG co-contraction index significantly decreased during initial and mid-swing phases with the AFO (p < 0.05). These results suggest that AFOs positively influenced the contraction patterns of paretic ankle muscles during walking in stroke patients, but further research is needed to understand their long-term effects.

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Reliability and validity of assessing lower‐limb muscle architecture of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using ultrasound: A systematic review

Cited by 3 publications

References 74 publications

Reliability of Ultrasonographically Acquired Muscle Morphology Based on a Cohort of Men and Women

Reliability of Ultrasonographically Acquired Muscle Morphology Based on a Cohort of Men and Women

Effect of ankle-foot orthosis on paretic gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles contraction of stroke survivors during walking: a pilot study

Effect of Ankle-Foot Orthosis on Paretic Gastrocnemius and Tibialis Anterior Muscle Contraction of Stroke Survivors During Walking: A Pilot Study

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