Reliability and Validity of the Arabic Version of the Game Experience Questionnaire: Pilot Questionnaire Study

Abstract

Background Nowadays, digital gaming occupies a central position in the entertainment industry where it has developed into a cherished kind of entertainment in markets all over the world. In addition, it provides other sectors with various social and economic benefits. The Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) is a free, quantitative, and comprehensive self-report measure that was developed to assess the player game experience. Despite having been widely used by many research projects in the past, it has not been adapted into Arabic. Furthermore, several components of the scale proved problematic from a psychometric point of view. Therefore, a modified version of the scale is needed to measure the gaming experience of the Arab population. Objective The aim of this study was to validate and examine the psychometrics of an adapted Arabic version of the GEQ in Tunisia. Methods A total of 771 volunteer participants completed an online survey, which included an Arabic version of the GEQ, gaming data, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Subjects were randomized in order to complete two phases of the study: exploratory and confirmatory. The exploratory data were acquired from 360 respondents whose mean age was 23.89 (SD 2.29) years. Out of 360 respondents, 111 (30.8%) were female and 249 (69.2%) were male. Confirmatory data were obtained from the remaining 411 subjects whose mean age was 21.94 (SD 1.80) years. Out of 411 subjects, 169 (41.1%) were female and 242 (58.9%) were male. Results After the elimination of two items, the exploratory and the confirmatory factor analyses provided an adequate factor structure of the Arabic version of the GEQ. In addition, the internal consistency coefficients suggested the reliability of the instrument. Significant differences were revealed for three subcomponents: flow by age (η2=0.013, P=.002), gender (η2=0.007, P=.02), and game type (η2=0.03, P<.001). For competence (η2=0.01, P=.03) and immersion (η2=0.02, P=.01), significant differences were highlighted by the type of game. The discriminant and convergent validities of the instrument were supported by calculating the average variance extracted (AVE) and comparing the square roots of the AVE values to the correlation coefficients, respectively. Conclusions The Arabic adapted version of the GEQ is valid and reliable and can be administered to measure the game experience in Arab countries.

Enhancing Learning of 3D Model Unwrapping through Virtual Reality Serious Game: Design and Usability Validation

“…For the post-test, the chosen instruments were the GEQ-IG, GEQ-PG [38], and the PQ [39]. The GEQ is widely recognized as a standard tool for assessing video games and serious games [40], as it encompasses key modules with specific questions regarding users' experiences during gameplay (the GEQ-IG) and afterward GEQ-PG. Notably, this questionnaire offers two versions, with the GEQ-IG version selected for its brevity to minimize the likelihood of random or less-accurate responses from users, who were required to complete three questionnaires.…”