Reliability and Validity of the Footprint Assessment Method Using Photoshop CS5 Software in Young People with Down Syndrome

Gutiérrez-Vilahú, Lourdes; Massó-Ortigosa, Núria; Rey-Abella, Ferran; Costa-Tutusaus, Lluís; Guerra-Balic, Myriam

doi:10.7547/15-012

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other two studies from the same research group [ 15 , 17 ] investigated the association between foot deformities and footwear-fitting problems in children and adolescents with DS. Finally, two studies evaluated the reliability of footprint measurement tools in a population with DS: Gutierrez-Vilahú et al [ 6 ] study included adults and Hassan et al [ 14 ] included children and adolescents.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal foot morphology is essential for normal gait, and some foot disorders may be related to more proximal lower limb anomalies [ 5 ] that could interfere significantly with regular daily activities. In DS, the most prevalent foot variations are flat foot and pronated flat foot, calcaneal valgus, hallux valgus, and metatarsus primus varus [ 6 ]. Footprint evaluation is an important part of early podiatric medical diagnosis for detecting orthopedic problems of the lower limbs, especially the feet, in subjects with DS [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Footprint evaluation is an important part of early podiatric medical diagnosis for detecting orthopedic problems of the lower limbs, especially the feet, in subjects with DS [ 7 ]. Two different approaches can be used to evaluate the morphological features of the foot: techniques to obtain footprints that require a manual assessment, which is usually tedious, and sophisticated instruments that immediately yield gold standard podometric indexes, but are more expensive and sometimes an expert is necessary to work with the equipments [ 6 ]. Instruments used to obtain footprints include ink imprints, optical podoscopes, baropodometry, pedography, digital photography, radiography, and platinum scanners, among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Gutiérrez-Vilahú

Guerra-Balic

2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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Background Musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the feet, are common in people with Down syndrome (DS). Evaluation of podiatric footprints is important to prevent and manage orthopedic symptoms. The reliability of a wide variety of footprint measurement methods has been evaluated in healthy people, but few studies have considered the specific morphotype features of the feet in subjects with DS. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the podometric measurement tools used to typologically classify the footprints in the population with DS. Methods The following electronic databases were searched for studies describing footprint measurement tools to assess and classify the foot types in patients with DS published from inception to December 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. Articles were initially searched by screening titles and abstracts. Potentially relevant studies were then further screened by reviewing full texts. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Results Of the 122 articles identified by the search strategy, 14 full texts were retained to assess for eligibility, of which 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. All the studies used footprint measurement methods to classify the foot types in subjects with DS, but only two studies assessed the reliability of those methods for the population with DS. The footprint measurement tools identified were a podoscope, a pressure-sensitive mat, a PressureStatTM carbon paper, and a 3D scanner. The Arch Index was the most common footprint measurement analyzed (seven studies). Two studies used the “gold standard” indexes that include Hernández-Corvo Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, Staheli Index, and Clarke Angle to measure footprints. Conclusions There is a need to determine the reliability and validity of the footprint measurement methods used for clinical classification of the foot types in subjects with DS. This can contribute to an early diagnosis of foot abnormalities that would help to reduce mobility impairments, improving the quality of life of patients with DS.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Gutiérrez-Vilahú

Guerra-Balic

2021

J Orthop Surg Res

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“…Once the foot was aligned over the pedigraph plate, the participant was asked to stand up firmly without wobbling and then to lift the opposite foot in order to fully load the tested foot. The HCp typifies the foot according to the footprint measurements obtained, on a six-point scale ranging from flat foot to severe cavus foot [19] Three categories of foot type were established, with the following percentages of X: 0-36.5% flat, 36.5-57.5% normal and 57.5-100% cavus (Figure 1). In every case, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) was assessed, with the participant barefoot, relaxed and standing on a 50 cm platform to facilitate visual and manual inspection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Postural Changes in the Foot during Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Longitudinal Study

Alcahuz-Griñan

Nieto-Gil

Pérez-Soriano

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The aim of this study is to observe the morphological and postural changes to the foot that take place during pregnancy and the puerperium. Method: In this descriptive, observational, longitudinal study, we analysed 23 pregnant women, with particular attention to morphological and postural aspects of the foot, at three time points during and after pregnancy: in weeks 9–13 of gestation, weeks 32–35 of gestation and weeks 4–6 after delivery. The parameters considered were changes in foot length, the Foot Posture Index (FPI) and the Hernández Corvo Index, which were analysed using a pedigraph and taking into account the Body Mass Index (BMI). The same procedure was conducted in each review. Results: The statistical analyses obtained for each foot did not differ significantly between the three measurement times. A pronator-type footprint was most frequently observed during the third trimester of pregnancy; it was predominantly neutral during the postpartum period. Statistically significant differences between the measurement times were obtained in the right foot for cavus vs. neutral foot type (between the first and third trimesters and also between the first trimester and the puerperium) (in both cases, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Foot length increases in the third trimester and returns to normal in the puerperium. According to FPI findings, the third trimester of pregnancy is characterised by pronation, while the posture returns to neutrality during the postpartum period. During pregnancy, the plantar arch flattens, and this persists during the puerperium. The incidence of cavus foot increases significantly in the third trimester and in the puerperium.

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“…The consequences of foot deformities and defective foot loading paradigms may potentially affect not only the lower limbs, but also the entire postural system in an individual 5 .There are several methods of assessing the variables of the plantar part of the foot, some of them more complex than others, e.g. Chippaux-Smirak Index, Staheli Index, Hernández-Corvo Index, Clarke's angle [6][7][8][9] . This said, there are also numerous reports attesting to overall credibility and reliability of determining the median longitudinal arch, whilst making use of the Clarke's angle [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of the foot's morphological structure to deformities caused by foot loading paradigm in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study

Szczepanowska-Wołowiec

Sztandera

Kotela

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The study aimed to assess the association between the key predictive foot structure variables and its loading paradigm in 625 school-aged children. Clinical appraisal relied primarily on having the plantar parts of their feet comprehensively assessed with Podoscan 2D Foot CAD, and a dynamometer platform, the research tools of choice widely acknowledged for their overall accuracy and reliability, with a view to determining the distribution of respective foot loads, as well as addressing both balance and gait issues. The Clarke's angle, Wejsflog index, length and width of the feet, regardless of gender, proved the key predictive variables for the foot-loading paradigm. Notably the Clarke's angle, construed the most sensitive variable in assessing flat-footedness, offered an extra added value in overall investigative effort. The actual design of the study protocol effectively complements a standard clinical assessment procedure, whereas by comprehensively addressing those variables, it is also believed to aid clinicians in gaining an extra, hands-on, diagnostic potential, so that any teenagers exposed to the highest risk of developing foot deformities could effectively be identified through pertinent screening tests, and consequently offered a task-oriented, therapeutic management, specifically aimed at preventing potential postural complaints in later life.

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Reliability and Validity of the Footprint Assessment Method Using Photoshop CS5 Software in Young People with Down Syndrome

Abstract: The Photoshop CS5 software method is reliable and valid for the study of footprints in young people with Down syndrome.

Cited by 9 publications

References 27 publications

Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Footprint measurement methods for the assessment and classification of foot types in subjects with Down syndrome: a systematic review

Morphological and Postural Changes in the Foot during Pregnancy and Puerperium: A Longitudinal Study

Vulnerability of the foot's morphological structure to deformities caused by foot loading paradigm in school-aged children: a cross-sectional study

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