Reliability Comparisons of Cervical Active Range of Motion Measuring Methods: Universal Goniometer versus Virtual Reality

Abstract

The purpose of this research study is to compare the reliability of measuring active cervical range of motion performed with the universal goniometer with an FDA approved XRHealth virtual reality computer program and the Oculus Rift. Methods: The design of the study is a single-blinded randomized controlled study. A sample size of 40 adults was recruited via email, posters, and person to person recruitment. The sample was comprised of males and females, ages 20 to 72-year-old. Equipment included a large universal goniometer with 12-inch arms and a covered full circle plastic body, oculus rift with a computer, VR Health System, chair with arms and a gait belt to control for trunk movements. All four investigators underwent a training session in the measurement of cervical range of motion utilizing a universal goniometer. Each participant was measured with each tool twice. Results: Virtual reality demonstrated a statistically significant difference from the standard goniometer methods at a 99% confidence level (p=0.01). Both tools (goniometer and virtual reality) were found to have good to excellent inter-rater reliability. Conclusion: This study suggests a virtual reality method can be used as a reliable clinical tool in comparison with the universal goniometric cervical active range of motion measurement. Recommendations for future studies should be focused on establishing the validity of virtual reality as an assessment tool using a larger sample size with a wide age range and those who have current cervical discomfort or are experiencing functional limitations in cervical ranges of motion.