Reliability modeling of demand response considering uncertainty of customer behavior

Optimal pricing in time of use demand response by integrating with dynamic economic dispatch problem

“…(10)e (12), the amounts of D1 t , D2 t , and D3 t for the scenarios one and two are given in Fig. 4.…”

“…Moreover, to consider the SRRs, the SRRs for the 60 and 10 min compensation time (SRR t and SRR 0 t ) have been set to 10% and 10 60 Â 10% of the load demand as shown in Eqs. (10)e (12). Also, PEM is given as Table 1 [29e32].…”

“…On the other hand determining the optimal prices during different periods (valley, off-peak, and peak) in the price based DRPs and also incentive in the incentive based DRPs is one of the ISO's challenges and it should be appointed based on a feasible and economical approach. Otherwise, high additional costs (the cost of implementing DRPs) may be imposed at the supply side or new peaks may be created when DRP ends [11], and the network reliability may be decreased [12] (a large number of customers begin consuming power when the time of DRP ends) which is not based on ISO's point of view. Therefore, the electricity prices during different periods in the price based DRPs and also the incentive in the peak hours in the incentive based DRPs should be appointed optimally.…”

Research on price Stackelberg game model with probabilistic selling based on complex system theory

“…Facing risks caused by uncertainties in end product demand and component availability, a scenario in an illustrative manufacturing company was developed for modeling demand and supply uncertainties [11]. Kwag and Kim [12] constructed a reliability model of the demand resource which was generalized by a multi-state model considering customers' behaviors. Askar [13] proposed a Cournot oligopoly game where quantity-setting firm used unknown nonlinear demand function and random cost function, analyzed its complete stability and bifurcation behaviors.…”

Multi-state operating reserve model of aggregate thermostatically-controlled-loads for power system short-term reliability evaluation

“…The potential impacts of DR on reliability of a residential distribution network is quantified and verified, respectively. Reference [14] extents the two-state model to a multi-state model by involving several derated states during the DR process. State transition diagram is applied to represent the transition mode from one state to another.…”