Reliability of periocular anthropometry using three-dimensional digital stereophotogrammetry

Guo, Yongwei; Rokohl, Alexander C.; Schaub, Friederike; Hou, Xiaoyi; Liu, Jinhua; Ruan, Yue; Jia, Renbing; Koch, Konrad R.; Heindl, Ludwig M.

doi:10.1007/s00417-019-04428-6

Cited by 31 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This observation was also consistent with those reported by previous studies (12,14,16,17,20,21). Although the result of PcU, IEx, HPF and ScE distances, as well as the angle of MCA in NP had a low intra-rater reliability, the differences in the measurements was within 1 mm (1 unit), which had no clinical significance and were consistent with the results of previous studies (14,16,17,20,21). In the DP, the majority of the inter-landmark distances had no significant difference between two measurement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…As the landmark has never been investigated on the sclera in previous studies, our research might serve as a stepping-stone for further research. Additionally, the ICC scores of IPc were very good in both NP (0.84) and DP (0.99), which revealed that the landmarks on the cornea centre had good reliability and were highly consistent with the previous studies (14,16,17). Hence, although problems concerning reflection could affect the picture quality, the system of automatic and manual registration of landmarks with Vectra was proven capable of determining the position of the cornea and sclera precisely.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, they only investigated one parameter, the change in vertical distance of the lower eyelid between NP and DP, which is insufficient to fully assess the applicability of this method. Based on the successful application of the landmarks system on the periocular region (16,17), fourteen landmarks, ten interlandmark linear distances, and two inter-landmark angles were investigated in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the previous studies (10,11,16,17), the 3D imaging system was mainly used on neutral expression surfaces with the landmarks system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to apply 3D stereophotogrammetry on both neutral surfaces and surfaces with the stainless eyelid hook.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel standardized distraction test to evaluate lower eyelid tension using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

Hou¹,

Rokohl²,

Meinke³

et al. 2021

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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Background: Standardized pre-operative assessment of the lower eyelid tension is essential to determine the optimal surgical technique. However, quantitative analysis using the conventional distraction test is inaccurate and user-dependent. Our purpose was to introduce a novel, standardized three-dimensional distraction test for measuring lower eyelid tension and to determine its standard values in a Caucasian population.Methods: In 94 participants (50 men and 44 women; age 21-85 years), a 15.9-g weighted eyelid hook was used to pull down the lower eyelid. Two three-dimensional images were acquired with a VECTRA M3 stereophotogrammetry device-one in the neutral position without a hook and the other in the distracted position with the eyelid hook. The images of all participants in both positions were measured twice by a single observer.Results: There was no clinical (>1 mm) or statistically significant difference between the two repeated measurements of all the inter-landmark linear distances in both positions (P≥0.05, respectively). The mean distracted displacement between the neutral and distracted position for margin reflex distance was 5.50±1.53 mm, without any age-specific difference (P=0.08); however, a significant gender-specific difference was observed as men had significantly greater displacement than women (P<0.001).Conclusions: Our proposed standardized three-dimensional distraction test for assessing lower eyelid tension using an eyelid hook and a simple landmark-based system seems to provide high reliability. This novel and simple method might be helpful for the preoperative planning of eyelid surgeries.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A novel standardized distraction test to evaluate lower eyelid tension using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

Hou¹,

Rokohl²,

Meinke³

et al. 2021

Quant Imaging Med Surg

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“…REM and rTEM stand for the estimate of variation relative to the size of the measurements. Guo et al [ 11 ] stated certain calculation formulas for these indicators. Generally speaking, the higher the TEM, REM, rTEM, and MAD values the more significant the discrepancies.…”

Section: Data Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of Stereophotogrammetry for Area Measurement in the Periocular Region

et al. 2021

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Three-dimensional (3D) stereophotography area measurements are essential for describing morphology in the periocular region. However, its reliability has not yet been sufficiently validated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 3D stereophotogrammetric area measurements in the periocular region. Forty healthy volunteers had five flat paper objects placed at each of the seven periocular positions including the endocanthion and the upper medial, upper middle, upper lateral, lower medial, lower middle, and the lower lateral eyelid. Two series of photographic images were captured twice by the same investigator. Each image of the first series was measured twice by the same rater, while images of both series were measured once by a second rater. Differences between these measurements were calculated, and the intrarater, interrater, and intramethod reliability was evaluated for intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean absolute differences (MADs), technical errors of measurements (TEMs), relative errors of measurements (REMs), and relative TEM (rTEM). Our results showed that 21.2% of all ICCs were considered as excellent, 45.5% were good, 27.3% were moderate, and 6.1% were poor. The interrater ICC for the endocanthion location was 0.4% on a low level. MAD values for all objects were less than 0.3 mm2, all TEM were less than 1 mm2, the REM and rTEM were less than 2% for all objects, showing high reliability. 3D stereophotogrammetry is a highly reliable system for periocular area measurements and may be used in the clinical routine for planning oculoplastic surgeries and for evaluating changes in periocular morphology.Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Standardized Three-Dimensional Lateral Distraction Test: Its Reliability to Assess Medial Canthal Tendon Laxity

et al. 2021

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Background Assessment of MCT laxity is critical to the surgery options. Our study aimed to analyze the reliability of measuring medial canthal tendon (MCT) laxity by using a novel standardized three-dimensional lateral distraction test (3D-LDT). Methods Forty-eight Caucasian volunteers (25 males and 23 females, 96 eyes) between 22 and 84 years of age (55.6 ± 18.6 years old) were included in our study. From a neutral position, the lower eyelid was gently pulled laterally along a horizontal line to define the most distracted position of the lower punctum. Both in the neutral and distracted position, standardized 3D images were acquired for each subject by two observers, and each image were measured twice by two raters. Four landmarks and six corresponding linear measurements were evaluated for intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-method reliability. Results Intra-rater, inter-rater and inter-method reliability analyses of 3D-LDT revealed an intraclass correlation of more than 95%, a mean absolute difference of less than 1 mm, and a technical error of measurement of less than 1 mm. Measurements of relative error (2.59–12.04%) and relative technical error (1.83–16.05%) for the inter-landmarks distance from pupil center to the lower punctum were higher than those from limbus nasal center to the lower punctum (6.13–30.39 and 4.34–26.85%, respectively). Conclusions This study provided high reliability of the three-dimensional lateral distraction test (3D-LDT) for assessing medial canthal tendon (MCT) laxity, which were never evaluated by digital imaging system. Level of Evidence IV This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

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Reliability of periocular anthropometry using three-dimensional digital stereophotogrammetry

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

A novel standardized distraction test to evaluate lower eyelid tension using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

A novel standardized distraction test to evaluate lower eyelid tension using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry

Reliability of Stereophotogrammetry for Area Measurement in the Periocular Region

Standardized Three-Dimensional Lateral Distraction Test: Its Reliability to Assess Medial Canthal Tendon Laxity

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