Reliability of the Arch Height Index as a Measure of Foot Structure in Children

Drefus, Lisa C.; Kedem, Paz; Mangan, Siobhan; Scher, David M.; Hillstrom, Howard J.

doi:10.1097/pep.0000000000000337

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…If the ratio is less than or equal to 0.275, the foot is considered low-arched. Scholz et al, 68 Drefus et al, 69 and Fraser et al 15 also consider the AHI as a test with an "excellent" reliability even in the pediatric age group.…”

Section: Ahi: Diagnostic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

Stasio¹,

Montanelli²

2020

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: To date, scientific literature has not as yet come up with any review showing the diagnostic tests used for functional assessment of the foot and leg. Methods: A literature review was conducted of electronic databases (MEDLINE, PEDro, DOAJ, BioMed Central, PLOS, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York) up to December 8, 2018. The biomechanical tests, which have adequate supportive literature, were divided into qualitative tests that provide a dichotomy/trichotomy-type answer to clinical diagnostic questions; semiquantitative tests that provide numerical data to clinical diagnostic questions; and quantitative tests that record continuous numerical data (in analogue or digital form). Results: These tests produce a useful functional evaluation model of the foot and leg for different purposes: evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in healthy patients and in athletes (in sports or other physical activities); assessment of tissue stress syndromes caused by pathomechanics; evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in rheumatic disease and diabetic foot patients; and to determine the appropriate functional or semifunctional foot orthotic therapy and therapeutic path used in gait rehabilitation. Conclusions: Many of these tests have adequate diagnostic reliability and reproducibility and therefore can be considered diagnostic. Few of these are validated, and some have initiated the validation process by determining their sensitivity and specificity. The widespread use of these tools in clinical practice (diagnosis of function) lacks scientific evidence and in-depth analysis of their limitations.dichotomy / trichotomy type answer to clinical-diagnostic questions; Semi-quantitative tests that provide numerical data to clinical-diagnostic questions; Quantitative tests that record continuous numerical data (in analogue or digital form). These tests produce a useful functional evaluation model of the foot and leg for different purposes: • evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in healthy patients and in athletes (in sports or other physical activities); • assessment of tissue stress syndromes caused by pathomechanics; • evaluation of lower limb deficits or abnormalities in rheumatic disease and diabetic foot patients; • determine the appropriate functional or semi-functional foot orthotic therapy and therapeutic path used in gait rehabilitation. Many of these tests have adequate diagnostic reliability and reproducibility, therefore, these can be considered diagnostic. Few of these are validated and some have initiated the validation process by determining their sensitivity and specificity. The widespread employment of these tools in clinical practice (diagnosis of function) lack scientific evidence and in depth analysis of their limitations.

show abstract

Section: Ahi: Diagnostic Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

Stasio¹,

Montanelli²

2020

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(2) Este tipo de problemas puede ser corregido tempranamente mediante la adecuada intervención fisioterapéutica. (3) El pie plano constituye una de las noxas ortopédicas más frecuentes en el paciente pediátrico; el tratamiento rehabilitador al respecto busca fortalecer los músculos de la región plantar y dar tono a la fascia; lo que da lugar a la formación del arco longitudinal externo y principalmente el interno. (4,5) Cuando las deformidades del pie persisten hasta la edad adulta, su corrección se torna prácticamente imposible; En cuyo caso, solo se puede disminuir notablemente la sintomatología a través de tratamientos.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Alteraciones de la huella plantar en preescolares del Centro Infantil del Buen Vivir “Francisco Chiriboga”

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

La forma en que se manejan los problemas biomecánicos en niños constituye un tema controversial en el campo de la rehabilitación física. Se desarrolló un proceso investigativo con el objetivo de: describir la evolución de un grupo de pacientes pediátricos mayores de dos años diagnosticados con pie plano atendidos en consulta de fisioterapia en la ciudad de Riobamba; la que fue de tipo observacional descriptivo, de corte longitudinal, cuya población de estudio estuvo constituida por las fichas de control, evaluación y valoración de 30 niños mayores de 2 años que acudieron a consulta de fisioterapia acompañados de un tutor legal por presentar signos de alteraciones de la huella plantar (pie plano). Se observó un predominio de los pacientes con edades comprendidas entre cuatro y cinco años, para un 33 y 27% respectivamente. El 93% de los participantes presentó alteraciones de la huella plantar comprobada mediante medición utilizando el plantígrafo, pero el 53% tuvo pie plano fisiológico. Luego de aplicados los ejercicios de Risser, los datos reflejaron una elevación de la cifra de huella plantar normal hasta el 33% y una disminución en el grado de afectación en el 35% de los niños diagnosticados. Los resultados de la recuperación fueron ratificados mediante el análisis del desgaste del calzado en los pacientes pediátricos en cuestión.

show abstract

“…При анализе сканированного изображения стоп (компьютерная плантография) рассчитывают специальные индексы. В настоящее время наиболее известными и имеющими диагностическую ценность критериями служат: индекс свода Staheli (отношение длин линии, проведенной в самой узкой части отпечатка среднего отдела стопы, и линии, проведенной в самой широкой части пяточной области) [11][12][13]; индекс Chippaux-Smirak (отношение длин линии, проведенной в самой узкой части отпечат ка среднего отдела стопы, и линии, проведенной в самой широкой части отпечатка стопы, на уровне головок плюсневых костей) [11,14]; угол Clarke's (угол между касательными, проведенными из наиболее медиально расположенной точки в области плюсны к вогнутой части дуги продольного свода и к медиальной поверхности пяточной области) [14,15]; индекс свода (arch index) (индекс свода определяют как отношение среднего отдела стопы к длине стопы, исключая пальцы) [16,17]; подометрический индекс (отношение высоты бугристости ладьевидной кости к длине стопы) [18]; индекс высоты свода (arch height index) (соотношение высоты продольного свода и длины стопы (без пальцев), выраженное в процентах) [19]. В литературе описаны также индексы, которые не часто используют при оценке плантографического отпечатка.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The variability of the flatfoot frequency depending on the diagnostic criteria and the method of statistical analysis

Kenis

Маркович²,

Dimitrieva

et al. 2019

Pediatr Traum Orthop Reconstr Surg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. Flatfoot frequency in children varies from 0.6% to 77.9%. This wide-range data is associated with lack of uniform diagnostic criteria and method of statistical analysis. Aim. This study aimed to demonstrate the variability in flatfoot frequency in the same population using different indices of footprint and methods of statistical analysis. Material and methods. This study included 317 school-age children. Children with orthopedic and foot pathology were excluded. The main evaluation methods were clinical examination, computer plantography with footprint index calculation (Staheli index, Chippaux–Smirak index, Clarke’s angle, podometric index, arch height index), and statistical analysis (descriptive statistics methods with Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk criteria, data definition according to the law of normal distribution with standard deviation and quartile assessment). Results. According to the law of normal distribution (with a double standard deviation), our study demonstrated that the flatfoot frequency using the plantar footprint indices varies from 1.6% to 4.8% in 7–17-year-old children and using the medial footprint indices, from 1.28% to 2.8% in the same age. Quartile assessment method showed a flatfoot frequency of 5.85%–28.33% with plantar foot indices and 5.7%–15.43% with medial footprint indices. Conclusion. The different plantographic indices and methods of statistical analysis demonstrated that the frequency of a flattened longitudinal arch of the feet in a population may differ significantly. Thus, the frequency of flatfoot determined on the basis of indices calculated on the medial footprint is 1.7–1.8 times lower than that determined on the plantar footprint. In addition, the frequency of flatfoot is 5.5–5.9 times lower than that determined by the quartile assessment.

show abstract

Reliability of the Arch Height Index as a Measure of Foot Structure in Children

Abstract: Pediatric therapists, physicians, and orthotists should consider using the AHI as an objective measure to be used for research, to assess foot structure, monitor change over time, and assist with treatment planning in children.

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

A Narrative Review on the Tests Used in Biomechanical Functional Assessment of the Foot and Leg: Diagnostic Tests of Deformities and Compensations

Alteraciones de la huella plantar en preescolares del Centro Infantil del Buen Vivir “Francisco Chiriboga”

The variability of the flatfoot frequency depending on the diagnostic criteria and the method of statistical analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About