Reliability of using the<b><i>D</i></b>-max method to define physiological responses to incremental exercise testing

Zhou, Shi; Weston, Shane B

doi:10.1088/0967-3334/18/2/005

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The individual lactate threshold (LT) was calculated by the D-max method 20 . The reliability of this method has previously been reported 21 . A third order polynomial regression equation was established on the plasma lactate concentrations versus workloads.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Tempo para exaustão no acúmulo de lactato sanguíneo em corredores com diferentes habilidades atléticas

Santos-Concejero¹,

Granados²,

Irazusta³

et al. 2013

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Objective: To characterize the physiological responses of runners of different athletic ability at the velocity at onset of blood lactate (V OBLA ) and to determine if 4 mmol·L -1 represents the same relative exercise intensity for every runner. Methods: Eleven trained and twelve well-trained runners completed two running tests on a treadmill: first, a maximal incremental lactate test to calculate the V OBLA (Test 1), and then another one at the corresponding V OBLA until exhaustion (Test 2). Gas exchange and heart rate (HR) were continuously measured and plotted as a percentage of time to exhaustion in Test 2 (TE T2 ). The individual lactate threshold velocity (V LT ) and lactate concentration ([La ] LT was <4 mmol·L -1 in the well-trained runners (P<0.001), but not in trained runners. Well-trained runners were faster at V OBLA than at V LT (P<0.001). Well-trained runners ran a shorter TE T2 than the trained runners (P<0.05). Moreover, well-trained runners presented a higher respiratory rate at 50, 80 and 90% of TE T2 and VO 2 at 20-100% of TE T2 (P<0.05). TE T2 was inversely correlated (P<0.01) with V OBLA and positively with personal best 10-km performance (P<0.01). V OBLA was positively correlated with the %VO 2max in Test 2 (P<0.01). The standard value (4 mmol·L -1 ) for the concentration of blood lactate appears to represent a different exercise intensity for runners of different athletic ability. Conclusion: V OBLA may not be accurated for programming running training sessions or for performing an evaluation of aerobic capacity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Tempo para exaustão no acúmulo de lactato sanguíneo em corredores com diferentes habilidades atléticas

Santos-Concejero¹,

Granados²,

Irazusta³

et al. 2013

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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“…The LT2 determined by the D-max method has been reported to correlate more strongly with endurance performance than the LT2 estimated by any other method in male and female cyclists [10,170] , recreational male and female runners [177,179] and well-trained male runners [178] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Zhou and Weston [170] examined the test-retest reliability of the D-max method to define blood lactate kinetics in response to incremental exercise and compared the physiological responses with two other threshold methods; (1) OBLA and, (2) VT2…”

Section: Reliability Reproducibility Validity and Objectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…D-max has good reliability [169,170] D-max is influenced by the choice of regression method [174,175] Individually-and objectivity-determined [170] D-max LT2 power output increases as initial exercise intensity increases [174,175] D-max has good reproducibility in trained male cyclists and triathletes when 3 min stage durations utilised [173] D-max has poor reproducibility regardless of stage duration (4 or 8 min) in healthy participants (males and females combined) [176] D-max has the ability to detect small but meaningful changes as a result of training with sufficient statistical power [173] D-max correlated with 90 min but not 20 min cycle performance [5] , inferring that the agreement between D-max and time trial power outputs is duration and distance dependent LT-performance relationship as determined by D-max is not influenced by initial exercise intensity in running Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise) [20] . Women were shown to represent only 39% of the literature with the average ratio of men to women per article reported as almost two-fold greater (∼65:35) across the three leading journals from 2011 to 2013 [20] .…”

Section: Pros Consmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[170] . This method of threshold detection was developed with the aim of improving objective methods such as OBLA, which do not take into account individual variation in lactate levels and have been shown to be dependent on a number of external factors such as test protocol and alimentation [156,171] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences and training adaptations in relation to the lactate threshold and endurance exercise performance

Fisher¹

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The second lactate threshold (LT2) has long been associated with endurance performance in trained endurance athletes. In Australia, the state institutes and academies of sport utilise the modified maximum deviation (D-max) method to determine LT2 in endurance athletes for the purpose of establishing training intensities and indicating whether athletes are appropriately adapting to training loads. For LT2 methods to be considered valid, it had been suggested that strong associations with simulated endurance performance and the maximal lactate steady-state (MLSS) are required. Although research has established a strong relationship between the modified D-max and endurance performance, there are gaps in the literature which this thesis aims to investigate. iii appropriate measurement of ovarian hormones. Therefore, the second study extended study one, to explore the same experimental aims, in endurance-trained women (n = 12) whilst controlling for ovarian hormone concentrations through the use of hormonal contraceptives. When comparing to the men's results from study one, power output and V O2 at LT2 were also found to be significantly correlated with 40 km cycling performance in endurance-trained women. Additionally, combining maximal (peak power output and V O2max) and fractional utilisation (V O2 and power output at LT2) variables produced the strongest prediction of performance in women (r 2 = 0.87) and men (r 2 = 0.95). In women, VT2 was significantly higher than LT2 for all variables measured, despite no differences observed for the men. More women (73%) than men (50%) completed 30 min of cycling and elicited a steady-state [La -] at their LT2 power output, despite LT2 being significantly higher than the self-selected power output during a 40 km cycling time trial in women.The final study examined the sensitivity of the modified D-max LT2 to adapt to a brief highintensity interval training (HIIT) intervention in already-endurance trained men (n = 9) and women (n = 8). Although not significant, women (but not men) showed a trend towards LT2 power output improvement (2.2%; p = 0.08) post-HIIT. Mean 40 km time trial performance significantly improved in both men (-1.7%) and women (-2.6%), with no difference in the magnitude of change between sexes. Furthermore, although LT2 power output explained 77% of the improvement in 40 km cycling performance in women, none of the measured variables explained the performance improvement in men, suggesting that mechanisms other than those responsible for the LT2 were involved. The LT2-performance relationship was intensity-dependent in both men and women, shown by significant correlations at post-HIIT but not baseline. Some of the sex-related differences may, at least in part, be explained by the influence of oestradiol, perhaps by the exacerbation of the sex-based differences in substrate metabolism and subsequent effects on [La -] and fatigue, and/or greater cardiovascular stress in men than women.Collectively, these studies improve understanding of the modifie...

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The Dmax method is a valid procedure to estimate physical working capacity at fatigue threshold

et al. 2016

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Reliability of using theD-max method to define physiological responses to incremental exercise testing

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Tempo para exaustão no acúmulo de lactato sanguíneo em corredores com diferentes habilidades atléticas

Tempo para exaustão no acúmulo de lactato sanguíneo em corredores com diferentes habilidades atléticas

Sex differences and training adaptations in relation to the lactate threshold and endurance exercise performance

The Dmax method is a valid procedure to estimate physical working capacity at fatigue threshold

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