Reliable carbon dioxide photoreduction by a rational electron transfer cycle formed on a nanorod-shaped CdS/Fe2O3 heterojunction catalyst

Modified BET theory for actual surfaces: implementation of surface curvature

“…Heo et al 57 reported nitrogen adsorption by Fe 2 O 3 rod-like nanoparticles. According to Table 2, the calculated densities using the BET and modified BET equations are 3.06 and 5.00 g cm −3 , respectively.…”

“…Eqn ( 28) simplifies to r ffi 2000 S Â R in the case of H c R. The results are summarized in Table 2. Heo et al 57 reported nitrogen adsorption by Fe 2 O 3 rod-like nanoparticles. According to Table 2, the calculated densities using the BET and modified BET equations are 3.06 and 5.00 g cm À3 , respectively.…”

Bi-Based Z-Scheme Nanomaterials for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes

“…The optical absorption spectrum of the BISB sample (Figure B, red line) showed a broad photoabsorption of light from ultraviolet to NIR. The SPR effect of the Bi metal may promote the photoabsorption and the energy transference, which is a benefit for the photocatalysis process. , Furthermore, the BG structure of the photocatalysts played a crucial effect of photocatalytic activity. The BG energy ( E g ) of various samples could be obtained by the Kubelka–Munk equation: where α, h ν, and A denote the absorption coefficient, the discrete photon energy, and the proportionality constant, respectively, n is different with the form of optical transition in the photocatalyst (with direct transitions n = 1, indirect transitions n = 4). , The E g of the samples could be calculated by the intercept of the curves of (α h ν) 1/2 vs h ν.…”

“…One possible method to further improve the photocatalytic performance of BiOI is the formation of a heterojunction construction with another crystal stucture. − In the heterojunction construction, produced electrons or holes would transfer to the conduction band (CB) or valence band (VB) that had a lower reduction/oxidation potential of the two joined crystal structures. Another method is the formation of a Z-scheme construction, where an electron transfer chain forms between the two main crystal structures, with the overall electron/hole transfer occurring in a Z-like pattern. − The Z-scheme construction could simultaneously retain the higher reduction/oxidation potential of the two main crystal structures, which is beneficial for applications that require a higher reduction/oxidation potential, such as water splitting. − Therefore, a Z-scheme BiOI-containing photocatalyst may have excellent catalytic capability; however, as far as we know, there were few literature reports on such materials.…”

Catalytic heterostructured materials for CO2 mitigation and conversion into fuels: a renewable energy approach towards a sustainable environment

“…62 Based on light absorbed and to prevent fluctuations in temperature, heat exchangers play a major role in determining the efficiency of reactors. Materials such as pyrex, 99 stainless steel, 100 and quartz 101,102 have been implemented, where quartz is often preferred due to its transparency. Optimization of the light absorbed, temperature and pressure under which a reactor functions can help in enhancing the efficacy of the CRR.…”