Remarkably enhanced capacitance of ordered polyaniline nanowires tailored by stepwise electrochemical deposition

Zou, Xiaohua; Zhang, Song; Shi, Mianhong; Kong, Jilie

doi:10.1007/s10008-006-0125-z

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The uniform oriented PANI-NFs were prepared through controlled nucleation and growth during a stepwise electrochemical deposition process in which a large number of nuclei were first deposited on the substrate using a large current density. A stepwise deposition method was employed to create ordered conducting PANI-NFs with remarkably enhanced capacitance compared with those prepared by a one-step deposition method [284]. A stepwise deposition method was employed to create ordered conducting PANI-NFs with remarkably enhanced capacitance compared with those prepared by a one-step deposition method [284].…”

Section: Miscellaneous Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Nanostructures

Ćirić‐Marjanović

2010

Nanostructured Conductive Polymers

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Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most extensively studied conducting polymers because of its simple synthesis [1] and doping/dedoping chemistry [2], low cost, high conductivity, and excellent environmental stability. PANI has a wide applicability in rechargeable batteries [3], erasable optical information storage [4], shielding of electromagnetic interference [5], microwave-and radar-absorbing materials [6], sensors [7], indicators [8], catalysts [9], electronic and bioelectronic components [10], membranes [11], electrochemical capacitors [12], electrochromic devices [13], nonlinear optical [14] and light-emitting devices [15], electromechanical actuators [16], antistatic [17] and anticorrosion coatings [18]. Its electromagnetic and optical properties depend mostly on its oxidation state and degree of protonation [19]. The green emeraldine salt form of PANI is conducting ($1-10 S cm À1 for granular powders) [1]. It contains, depending on the synthetic route, variousunits (in the preceeding formulae B, Q and A À denote a benzenoid ring, quinonoid ring and dopant anion, respectively). The blue emer-The preparation of bulk quantities of conducting granular PANI is usually performed Nanostructured Conductive PolymersEdited by Ali Eftekhari by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) in an acidic aqueous solution (initial pH < 2.0) [1]. Colloidal PANI nanoparticles are prepared by dispersion polymerization of aniline in the presence of various colloidal stabilizers [20,21]. The average size of colloidal PANI nanoparticles decreases with increasing stabilizer/aniline ratio. PANI colloids often have nonspherical (rice grain, needle-like, etc.) core-shell morphology. The colloidal nanoparticle core most likely has a composite nature, i.e. it is composed of both the PANI and the incorporated stabilizer, while the shell is formed by the stabilizer. Nowadays, conducting PANI nanostructures are the focus of intense research owing to their significantly enhanced dispersibility and processability, and substantially improved performance in many applications, in comparison with granular and colloidal PANI [22][23][24][25][26][27]. The continuously growing interest in the study of zero-dimensional (0-D) (solid nanospheres), one-dimensional (1-D) (nanofibers (nanowires), nanorods (nanosticks), nanoneedles, rice-like nanostructures, nanotubes), two-dimensional (2-D) (nanoribbons (nanobelts), nanosheets (nanoplates, nanoflakes, nanodisks, leaf-like nanostructures), nanorings (cyclic nanostructures), net-like nanostructures), and three-dimensional (3-D) PANI nanostructures (hollow nanospheres, dendritic and polyhedral nanoparticles, flower-like, rhizoid-like, brain-like, urchin-like, and star-like nanostructures, etc.) has dramatically increased in recent years (Figure 2.1). The major focus of research has been the preparation, characterization, processing, and application of PANI nanofibers (PANI-NFs) and nanotubes (PANI-NTs). PANI-NFs are 1-D PANI nanoobjects of cylindrical profile with diameters ...

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Section: Miscellaneous Electrochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyaniline Nanostructures

Ćirić‐Marjanović

2010

Nanostructured Conductive Polymers

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“…In another example to illustrate the benefit of oriented nanostructures, Zhou and co-workers [249] recently reported that the specific capacitance of polyaniline films can be increased from around 150 F g À1 to over 500 F g À1 using oriented polyaniline nanowires produced by a stepwise method. [38,39] This remarkable increase was attributed to a high surface area and the easy access of the electrolyte through the mesopores in the films made of oriented nanowires.…”

Section: Oriented Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 98%

Oriented Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage

et al. 2008

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Recently, the role of nanostructured materials in addressing the challenges in energy and natural resources has attracted wide attention. In particular, oriented nanostructures demonstrate promising properties for energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. In this Review, we highlight the synthesis and application of oriented nanostructures in a few key areas of energy technologies, namely photovoltaics, batteries, supercapacitors, and thermoelectrics. Although the applications differ from field to field, a common fundamental challenge is to improve the generation and transport of electrons and ions. We highlight the role of high surface area to maximize the surface activity and discuss the importance of optimum dimension and architecture, controlled pore channels, and alignment of the nanocrystalline phase to optimize the transport of electrons and ions. Finally, we discuss the challenges in attaining integrated architectures to achieve the desired performance. Brief background information is provided for the relevant technologies, but the emphasis is focused mainly on the nanoscale effects of mostly inorganic-based materials and devices.

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“…Large arrays of oriented PANi nanowires have been produced using this three-step method. The structures produced exhibited capacitance values several times higher than those obtained for structures produced using the bulk polymer one-step electropolymerization method (see Table 11.3) [120].…”

Section: Direct Electropolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…LF , low-frequency capacitance estimated from AC impedance; C s and C p , specific capacitance estimated from cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic charge/discharge. Results from[120].…”

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confidence: 99%

Inherently Conducting Polymers via Electropolymerization for Energy Conversion and Storage

Wallace

Tsekouras

Wang

2010

Electropolymerization

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Inherently conducting polymers (ICPs) have found widespread application as electrode materials for energy conversion and storage. The use of electropolymerization to produce such materials and structures containing them has a number of advantages including the fact that localized polymerization onto electrode structures ensures • the ability to incorporate a wide range of dopants • intimate electrical connection • spatial control • ease of fabrication of microstructures • careful control over the polymer oxidation state • the ability to form copolymers • sequential deposition to produce layered structures.In this chapter, we examine the use of electropolymerization to produce ICPs for use in solar cells (an example of energy conversion) and for polymer electrodes used in batteries and supercapacitors (energy storage). ICPs prepared via electrodeposition have also found use in catalytic electrodes for fuel cells; however, this application is not covered here.It has been widely accepted that the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of ICPs depend strongly on many factors encountered during electrodeposition [1]. These include electrochemical technique, working electrode substrate, and electrolyte [2][3][4][5]. The following considers each of these variables in turn, before the discussion is shifted to consider the application of ICPs in energy conversion and storage.

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Remarkably enhanced capacitance of ordered polyaniline nanowires tailored by stepwise electrochemical deposition

Cited by 26 publications

References 17 publications

Polyaniline Nanostructures

Polyaniline Nanostructures

Oriented Nanostructures for Energy Conversion and Storage

Inherently Conducting Polymers via Electropolymerization for Energy Conversion and Storage

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