Remote sampling of harmful algal blooms: A case study on the Washington State coast

Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L.; Bill, Brian D.; Trainer, Vera L.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.05.005

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Formalin-preserved whole water phytoplankton samples were collected at the offshore samplers moored in Willapa Bay, Washington, which was stored for later analysis of DA by ELISA. Monitoring data from 2002 to 2006 using these preserved samples correlated well with the data obtained from two adjacent beaches [88].…”

Section: Toxinssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…These new technologies stem from the need for real-or near real-time simultaneous detection of HAB species and their toxins such that surface water and coastal resource managers can promptly mitigate their economic, ecological, and environmental impacts, including providing the timely warning of approaching HABs [33,88]. Some of the bioassays and instrumental methods discussed previously can be adapted into the tools for in situ real-time monitoring.…”

Section: Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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The detection and monitoring techniques for algal toxins and the causative harmful algal blooms (HABs) are essential for the protection of aquatic lives, shellfish safety, drinking water quality, and public health. Toward the development of fast, easy, and reliable techniques, much progress has been made during the last decade for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of algal toxins. This review highlights the recent progress and new trends of these analytical and monitoring tools, ranging from in-situ quick screening protocols for the monitoring of algal blooms to mass spectrometric analysis of trace levels of various algal toxins and structural elucidation. Solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) deployed in the field for the passive sampling of algal toxins has been recently validated, and improved ELISA-based methods with lower detection limits for more toxins have become commercially available for both screening and routine monitoring purposes. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with several recent mass spectrometric innovations has expanded our understanding of traditional toxins, their metabolites along with newly discovered toxins of ecological importance. Several established in vivo and in vitro bioassays will continue to be used as benchmark toxicological testing of algal toxins; however, newly emerged molecular probing techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) have extended our ability to trace algal toxins from causative organisms at the molecular level. New chemical and biological sensors, lab-on-chip and remote sensing of blooms being developed will hold promise for early warning and routine monitoring to better manage and protect our freshwater, coastal and marine resources from adverse impact by harmful algal blooms.

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Section: Toxinssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

2014

J Environ Anal Chem

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“…Past DA events [ 2 , 3 , 6 – 8 ] are often associated with the three differently-sized PN cells, therefore, it is more informative to present data separately on the abundance of the three PN groups. The larger PN cells (wide and medium) were dominant throughout the major bloom period, and thus in the following text PN refers to the larger morphs of PN.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initiation and Development of a Toxic and Persistent Pseudo-nitzschia Bloom off the Oregon Coast in Spring/Summer 2015

Peterson

Fisher

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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In spring/summer 2015, a toxic bloom by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia (PN) occurred along the west coast of the United States which led to closures of the harvest of razor clams and Dungeness crabs. Twice monthly observations of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll and phytoplankton species composition allowed us to track oceanographic conditions preceding and during the development of the bloom. PN cells were first detected during late winter 2015. A PN bloom was initiated following the onset of coastal upwelling in mid-April; subsequent peaks in May and June were sustained by episodic upwelling events and reached magnitudes of 105 cells/L and 106 cells/L, 40% and 90% of the total diatom abundance, respectively. The bloom temporarily crashed in July due to a lack of upwelling, but PN cells increased again in August due to a resumption of upwelling, albeit with lower magnitude. Macronutrient conditions prior to this bloom likely played a critical role in triggering the bloom and its toxicity (particularly silicic acid limitation stress). Nutrient stress preceding the toxic bloom was related to two oceanographic events: an anomalously warm and thick water mass that occupied the northern North Pacific from September 2014 through 2015 leading to a highly-stratified water column, and the drawdown of nitrate and silicic acid during an unusually intense winter phytoplankton bloom in February and early March 2015.

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“…Other developments that show promise but have not yet been incorporated into autonomous instrumentation include the in situ Filtration and Fixation Sampler [33], and the Automatic Flow Injection Sampler [34]. A number of other devices have utilized whole water collection and preservation systems for microscopy [35], chemical analysis [36], or detection of toxins [37] but have not yet been validated for general-purpose molecular analysis. Systems that allow remote collection of whole seawater without preservation, including AUV-based whole water collection systems [38][39][40] (Fig.…”

Section: Another Ecogenomic Sensor Under Development Is the Autonomoumentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the living ocean with ecogenomic sensors

Ottesen

2016

Current Opinion in Microbiology

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This review discusses the role of ecogenomic sensors in biological oceanography. Ecogenomic sensors are instruments that can autonomously collect biological samples and perform molecular analyses. This technology reduces logistical constraints on the length and duration of biological data collection. Autonomous, robotic performance of molecular assays shows particular promise in the field of public health. Recent applications include simultaneous detection of harmful algal species and fecal markers paired with same-day remote reporting of test results. Ecogenomic instruments are also showing promise for molecular ecological studies. Autonomous collection and preservation of biological samples is facilitating high-resolution ecological studies that are expanding our understanding of marine microbial ecology and dynamics. This review discusses recent applications of these instruments and makes recommendations for future developments.

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Remote sampling of harmful algal blooms: A case study on the Washington State coast

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

Current Techniques for Detecting and Monitoring Algal Toxins and Causative Harmful Algal Blooms

Initiation and Development of a Toxic and Persistent Pseudo-nitzschia Bloom off the Oregon Coast in Spring/Summer 2015

Probing the living ocean with ecogenomic sensors

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