Remote sensing for exploring heavy mineral deposits

Rejith, R. G.; Sundararajan, M.; Venkatesan, S.; Mohammed‐Aslam, M. A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819604-5.00011-1

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…The geographic coordinates of Varkala correspond to 8°44 ′ 58.19 ′′ N latitude and 76°41 ′ 41.23 ′′ E longitude, and Kovalam corresponds to 8°23 ′ 9.06 ′′ N latitude and 76°58 ′ 42.23 ′′ E longitude. The present study area is situated between the famous placer deposits of India, such as Chavara in Kerala and Manavalakurichi in Tamilnadu, where ilmenite shows the maximum concentration (Rejith et al 2020b). The maximum Total Heavy Mineral (THM) wt-% for Varkala is 52.33% with highest concentration for ilmenite (30.99%), followed by monazite (17.44%), sillimanite (2.97%), rutile (1.35%), zircon (0.90%), garnet (0.14%), and leucoxene (0.64%) (Rejith et al 2020a).…”

Section: Study Area and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Raman-XPS spectroscopy, REE chemistry, and surface morphology of Fe-Ti oxide heavy mineral sands: a case study from Varkala-Kovalam coast, south-west India

Rejith

Sundararajan

Mohamed

et al. 2021

Applied Earth Science

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The beach sands of the Varkala-Kovalam coast, south-west India, are enriched with heavy minerals with a high concentration of ilmenite followed by sillimanite, monazite, rutile, zircon, and garnet. The Fe-Ti oxide minerals such as ilmenite, its altered product leucoxene, and rutile were successfully recovered, and their structure, chemistry, and surface morphology were analysed using advanced characterisation techniques like Raman spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), UV-Visible-NIR (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS). The chemical composition, surface chemistry, the oxidation state of surface elements, anisotropic crystal behaviour of the minerals due to physical or chemical processes, discrimination of polymorphs, and finally the morphological changes due to mechanical impacts were also analysed. The study provides solid information to the scientific community and policymakers for determining the grade and potential applications of these strategic minerals.

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Section: Study Area and Provenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Raman-XPS spectroscopy, REE chemistry, and surface morphology of Fe-Ti oxide heavy mineral sands: a case study from Varkala-Kovalam coast, south-west India

Rejith

Sundararajan

Mohamed

et al. 2021

Applied Earth Science

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Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise Scenario on the Biophysical Environment

Rejith

Alex²,

Anirudhan

et al. 2022

Towards Sustainable Natural Resources

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Raman-XPS spectroscopic investigation of heavy mineral sands along Indian coast

et al. 2021

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The beach sands of the Indian coast are bestowed with strategic minerals like ilmenite, monazite, rutile, sillimanite, garnet, and zircon. In order to bring out the importance of these heavy minerals, we present detailed studies on structure, surface chemistry, and absorption spectroscopy using advanced characterization techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy. The study reveals the degree of metamictization in zircon and monazite and differentiates the isomorphous series in garnet, discrimination of opaque and non-opaque minerals, polymorphs, and the anisotropic changes in crystal symmetry due to their physical and chemical process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy illustrates the chemical composition, precise oxidation state, and chemical bonding of surface elements. UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy reveals the electronic transition of elements and charge transfer spectra. This expansive dataset provides valuable information to the scientific community and mining industries to assist with determining the grade and potential uses of beach sands.

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Remote sensing for exploring heavy mineral deposits

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Raman-XPS spectroscopy, REE chemistry, and surface morphology of Fe-Ti oxide heavy mineral sands: a case study from Varkala-Kovalam coast, south-west India

Raman-XPS spectroscopy, REE chemistry, and surface morphology of Fe-Ti oxide heavy mineral sands: a case study from Varkala-Kovalam coast, south-west India

Climate Change and Sea-Level Rise Scenario on the Biophysical Environment

Raman-XPS spectroscopic investigation of heavy mineral sands along Indian coast

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