Remote Sensing Study of Emissions from Motor Vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Schifter, I.; Díaz, Luis A.; Duran, J; Guzmán, Eduardo J.; Chávez, Othón González; López-Salinas, E.

doi:10.1021/es0207807

Cited by 44 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…In 2006, GC-FID and PIT-MS measurements of VOCs at T1 suggested that high alkane emissions from LPG usage may be responsible for photochemical formation of acetone . A small fraction of vehicles, particularly small buses used as public transport, are powered by LPG and also contribute to the emissions of low molecular weight alkanes (Schifter et al, 2003;Velasco et al, 2007).…”

Section: Fixed Site Emissions Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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Abstract. MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) -one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city -was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the gases and fine particles emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities.The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City duringCorrespondence to: L. T. Molina (ltmolina@mit.edu) March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition and chemistry that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. L. T. Molina et al.: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformationIn this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 Campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented.

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Section: Fixed Site Emissions Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

et al. 2010

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“…An advantage of this technique is its ability to measure large numbers of vehicles, although the emission measurements represent less than 1 sec of driving for each vehicle. The technique has been used to: 1) verify the reduction of emissions from installing catalysts on vehicles in Mexico City, 277 2) evaluate the reduced emission deterioration in newer vehicles, 278 3) serve as the basis for estimating fuel-based emission inventories, 279 and 4) estimate the distribution of on-road highemitting vehicles in various vehicle fleets. 280 Lidar-based remote sensors can detect low levels of PM emissions.…”

Section: Emission Inventoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Molina

2004

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

692

372

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About half of the world's population now lives in urban areas because of the opportunity for a better quality of life. Many of these urban centers are expanding rapidly, leading to the growth of megacities, which are defined as metropolitan areas with populations exceeding 10 million inhabitants. These concentrations of people and activity are exerting increasing stress on the natural environment, with impacts at urban, regional and global levels. In recent decades, air pollution has become one of the most important problems of megacities. Initially, the main air pollutants of concern were sulfur compounds, which were generated mostly by burning coal. Today, photochemical smog-induced primarily from traffic, but also from industrial activities, power generation, and solvents-has become the main source of concern for air quality, while sulfur is still a major problem in many cities of the developing world. Air pollution has serious impacts on public health, causes urban and regional haze, and has the potential to contribute significantly to climate change. Yet, with appropriate planning, megacities can efficiently address their air quality problems through measures such as application of new emission control technologies and development of mass transit systems.This review is focused on nine urban centers, chosen as case studies to assess air quality from distinct perspectives: from cities in the industrialized nations to cities in the developing world. While each city-its problems, resources, and outlook-is unique, the need for a holistic approach to the complex environmental problems is the same. There is no single strategy in reducing air pollution in megacities; a mix of policy measures will be needed to improve air quality. Experience shows that strong political will coupled with public dialog is essential to effectively implement the regulations required to address air quality problems.

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“…More recent measurements of emissions factors from mobile sources in Mexico City under realworld driving conditions were obtained using remote sensing techniques (Schifter et al, 2003c, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent measurements of emissions factors from mobile sources in Mexico City under realworld driving conditions were obtained using remote sensing techniques (Schifter et al, 2003c(Schifter et al, , 2008, and mobile laboratory measurement techniques in the dedicated MCMA-2002MCMA- /2003 and MILAGRO/MCMA-2006 field campaigns (Jiang et al, 2005;Rogers et al, 2006;Zavala et al, 2006Zavala et al, , 2009aThornhill et al, 2010). These studies provided valuable information on the chemical composition of gases and PM emitted from mobile sources in Mexico City and highlighted the important contributions of emissions from diesel-powered vehicles to pollutants concentration levels in Mexico City.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These laboratory studies helped to better understand the emission characteristics of the vehicle fleet in Mexico City at that time and were pivotal for supporting and designing emission-based air quality control strategies. Nevertheless, these studies mostly focused on gas-phase emissions factors from light-duty gasoline vehicles in Mexico City and there is still a large gap of PM emissions measurements and information on emissions from vehicle fleets in the rest of the country.More recent measurements of emissions factors from mobile sources in Mexico City under realworld driving conditions were obtained using remote sensing techniques (Schifter et al, 2003c, …”

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Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

Zavala¹,

Barrera²,

Morante³

et al. 2013

Atmósfera

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RESUMENSe investigan los resultados del empleo del modelo US-EPA MOVES2010a para calcular los factores de emisión del parque vehicular mexicano, y se comparan dichos resultados con las estimaciones del Inventario Nacional de Emisiones de México (INEM) de 2005. El estudio muestra que los factores de emisión PM2.5 basados en modelos, actualizados a partir de estudios recientes, pueden tener un impacto significativo en la estimación de emisiones de PM2.5 procedentes de fuentes móviles en México. Porcentajes mayores de vehículos antiguos tienden a incrementar las estimaciones de emisiones PM2.5 cuando se utiliza el modelo MOVES2010a en comparación con las del INEM 2005; sin embargo, el impacto global sobre las emisiones de material particulado varía según la cantidad y antigüedad de los vehículos, y de acuerdo con los porcentajes de vehículos antiguos impulsados por diesel y gasolina en el parque vehicular de cada entidad federativa. Los resultados también indican que las estimaciones de PM2.5 con MOVES2010a fueron particularmente sensibles a la velocidad vehicular, la temperatura ambiente y el contenido de azufre, pero no a la humedad relativa. Hay una gran necesidad de comprender las características del material particulado fino emitido por vehículos impulsados por diesel o gasolina en las principales zonas urbanas de México. ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effects of using the US-EPA MOVES2010a model for estimating PM2.5 emission factors in the Mexican vehicle fleet; the results are compared with the current PM2.5 emissions estimates in the 2005 Mexican National Emissions Inventory (MNEI). Our results show that model-based PM2.5 emissions factors updated from recent studies can have significant impacts on the estimated PM2.5 emissions from mobile sources in Mexico. Higher fractions of older vehicles tend to increase PM2.5 emissions estimates using MOVES2010a with respect to the 2005 MNEI estimates; however, the overall impact on PM emissions varies depending on the vehicle population and vehicle age composition for each Mexican state fleet. These effects are primarily driven by the higher PM2.5 emission factors from the gasoline-powered vehicles and by the high fractions of older gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results also indicate that the estimated MOVES2010a PM2.5 emission factors for Mexico were particularly sensitive to vehicle speed, ambient temperature and sulfur content, but not the relative humidity. There is a strong need to better understand the characteristics of fine particulate matter (PM) emitted from gasoline and diesel-powered vehicles in major urban areas in Mexico.Keywords: PM2.5 emission factors, mobile sources, emissions inventory.Atmósfera 26(1), 109-124 (2013) 110 M. Zavala et al. IntroductionThe effects of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on human health have been well documented in recent years; the overall literature provides reasonably compelling evidence that ambient PM air pollution contributes to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality (e.g., Pope, 2010). There is also e...

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Remote Sensing Study of Emissions from Motor Vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation

Megacities and Atmospheric Pollution

Analysis of model-based PM2.5 emission factors for on-road mobile sources in Mexico

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