Removal of nitrogen oxides from gas streams using biofiltration

Barnes, Joni M.; Apel, William A.; Barrett, Karen B.

doi:10.1016/0304-3894(94)00103-n

Cited by 67 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[3][4][5][6][7] The main disadvantage of these bacterial systems is that they require completely anaerobic conditions to achieve NO removal. 3,4 In addition, a long residence time is usually required due to NO mass transfer limitations from the gas phase into the liquid biofilm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fungal Vapor-Phase Bioreactor for the Removal of Nitric Oxide from Waste Gas Streams

Woertz

Kinney

Szaniszlo

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Ground-level O 3 formation is becoming a major concern in many cities due to recent tightening of O 3 regulations. To control O 3 formation, more efficient treatment processes for O 3 precursors, such as NO x and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are needed. One promising new technology for removing both NO x and VOCs from offgas streams is biofiltration, a simple process whereby contaminated air is passed through a biologically active packed bed. In this study, a toluene-degrading fungal bioreactor was used to treat an aerobic gas stream contaminated with NO. The fungal bioreactor removed 93% of the inlet 250-ppmv NO at an empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 1 min when supplied with 90 g/m 3 /hr toluene. The presence of NH 4 + concentrations greater than 0.4 mg NH 3 /g dry packing medium, however, resulted in poor NO removal. The bioreactor achieved a maximum toluene elimination capacity of 270 g/m 3 /hr and maintained greater than 95% toluene removal efficiencies over the 175-day study period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fungal Vapor-Phase Bioreactor for the Removal of Nitric Oxide from Waste Gas Streams

Woertz

Kinney

Szaniszlo

2001

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…1,2 In recent years, this technique has proved viable for oxidizing organics with low water solubility, such as gasoline, and recalcitrant compounds, such as halogenated hydrocarbons. 3,4 Present research is diverse and is expanding the range of biofiltration applications to a wide variety of compounds such as NO X and H 2 S. 5,6 Virtually every low-level contaminant present in gas streams with the potential for microbiological transformation has been or soon will be evaluated as a candidate for biofiltration. 2 Although biofilters can be operated stably for years, one of the most important and troublesome operating parameters is maintaining the proper water content in the bed material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Content Dynamics in Biofiltration: The Role of Humidity and Microbial Heat Generation

Gostomski

Sisson

Cherry

1997

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Mass and energy balances were performed on a compost biofilter to identify the mechanisms for water content change in the compost bed material. Three mechanisms were identified: humidity fluctuations at the inlet and outlet, heat generation from microbial oxidation, and gradients in the water potential. Microbial oxidation and humidity fluctuations were the dominant mechanisms for water content changes. Time domain reflectometry was used to estimate on-line volumetric water content in the bed material. Biofiltration experiments demonstrated a moving front of temperature increase and water evaporation associated with the microbial oxidation of toluene. The localized microbial heat generation evaporated sufficient water from consecutive sections of the bed, eventually impairing degradation throughout the entire column.

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“…Utilization of the compost as a source of reductant has been previously demonstrated in anaerobic biofilters removing nitric oxide from off-gases. 15 Those investigators hypothesized that hydrogen and organic acids supplied by biotransformation of the bed medium were used by methanogens in the bed medium as carbon and electron sources for methane production as well as transformation of CT.…”

Section: Hydrogen Concentration (%Vol)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Low Concentrations of Carbon Tetrachloride in Compost-Based Biofilters Operated under Methanogenic Conditions

Lee

Miller

1999

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Research was performed to demonstrate the removal of carbon tetrachloride (CT) using compost biofilters operated under methanogenic conditions. Biofilters were operated at an empty-bed residence time of 2.8 minutes using nitrogen as the atmosphere. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were supplied as an electron donor and carbon source, respectively, during acclimation of the bed medium microbes. Once methanogenesis was demonstrated, CT flow to the biofilter was established. Biofilters were operated over a CT concentration range from 20 to 700 ppbv for 6 months. Bed medium microbes were able to remove up to 75% of the inlet CT. At excessively high CT concentrations (>500 ppmv), methane production and hydrogen utilization by the bed medium microbes appeared to be inhibited. CT removal by the biofilter decreased when the hydrogen supply was removed from the biofilter inlet, indicating that hydrogen acted as the IMPLICATIONS Several emission sources, such as soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems, contain chlorinated solvents, such as carbon tetrachloride or perchloroethylene, that are not biodegradable under the aerobic conditions typically utilized for biofiltration. Anaerobic biofilters developed at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory have capitalized on the simplicity of compost biofilters coupled with the large amount of information that has been generated related to anaerobic bioremediation of recalcitrant chlorinated solvents in groundwater. Biofilters operated under anaerobic conditions using hydrogen as an electron donor and carbon dioxide as the carbon source and electron acceptor represent a feasible technology for treatment of off-gas streams containing chlorinated solvents such as CT. Bed medium microbes within the biofilter transformed the contaminant by reduction rather than oxidation. Microbes operated under these conditions could be useful for treating chlorinated-solvent-laden offgas streams from SVE as well as industrial off-gases created during degreasing and cleaning operations.electron donor for reductive dechlorination. The removal efficiency and relatively low empty bed residence times demonstrated by these laboratory-scale biofilters indicate that anaerobic biofiltration of CT may be a feasible full-scale process. INTRODUCTIONThe U.S. chemical industry produces about 20 million tons of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons annually.

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Removal of nitrogen oxides from gas streams using biofiltration

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

A Fungal Vapor-Phase Bioreactor for the Removal of Nitric Oxide from Waste Gas Streams

A Fungal Vapor-Phase Bioreactor for the Removal of Nitric Oxide from Waste Gas Streams

Water Content Dynamics in Biofiltration: The Role of Humidity and Microbial Heat Generation

Removal of Low Concentrations of Carbon Tetrachloride in Compost-Based Biofilters Operated under Methanogenic Conditions

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