“…Supported catalysts are particularly advantageous due to their high surface area and abundance of active sites, which enhance their catalytic efficiency compared to bulk catalysts. 47 Supported catalysts typically utilize porous materials as supports, including carbon, 48,49 graphene and its derivatives, 50,51 oxides such as ZnO, SiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , [52][53][54] and clays. 55,56 The active components, which can be metals or metal oxides, are deposited onto the surface of these supports to form the catalysts.…”