Renal Stone Analysis: LITHOS, an Expert System for Evaluation of X-Ray Diffractograms of Urinary Calculi

Rw, Wulkan; Zwang, L.; Tl, Liem; Bg, Blijenberg; Leijnse, B.

doi:10.1515/cclm.1987.25.10.719

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The processing elements are simple input/output devices receiving multiple inputs but producing a single output and operate unidirectionally. The feed forward back propagation (FFBP) network is perhaps the most popular architecture for practical applicaData analysis -autoverification of CBC [12], chromogenic interferents [13] Interpretation -hepatitis tests [14], pancreatic enzymes [15], tumour markers [16] urinary calculi [17] Neural networks -electrophoresis [18], serial cardiac enzymes [19] thyroid diagnosis [20] Test ordering -improving clinician ordering patterns [21] tions. Neural networks are typically organised in layers.…”

Section: Artificial Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Knowledge-Based Systems – a Review

Rowan¹

2001

Transfus Med Hemother

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Knowledge-based systems (KBS) use human knowledge to solve problems normally requiring human intelligence. To succeed they should possess performance at the same level as the human expert. These systems have been used in industry, finance and government for many years. Escalating workloads, cost constraints and evidence-based medicine create the need for such tools in the clinical laboratory. A number of systems exist in chemical pathology and haematology. Approaches have varied from simple rule-based systems to more complex models using fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks and incorporating probability theory, pattern recognition and multi-variate analysis techniques. In the hands of enthusiasts these systems have been judged to operate satisfactorily (produce a correct differential diagnosis) in 85–90% of patients. The KBS shell is a software environment containing a knowledge acquisition system, the knowledge base itself, inference engine, explanation subsystem and user interface. The core components are the knowledge base (human knowledge represented by e.g. If-Then rules) and the inference engine (forward or backward chaining). The explanation subsystem, which renders the rules transparent, is an important attribute for user acceptance. System development is an iterative process through trial and error. Quite apart from a perceived threat to future employment of ‘experts’, these systems are not in more widespread use because of i) failure to examine user requirements adequately, ii) inadequate sources of acceptable organised knowledge, iii) a multiplicity of systems which cannot communicate with each other, and iv) a lack of agreed standards for coding and information exchange. The additional value of these systems as standardising, training and educational tools should not be overlooked.

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Section: Artificial Neural Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Knowledge-Based Systems – a Review

Rowan¹

2001

Transfus Med Hemother

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“…Moldoveanu and Serban present an expert system whose database is limited to information contained in correlation charts for the spectral interpretation of information from infrared, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and mass spectroscopy (024). Other expert systems used for spectral interpretation specifically deal with various spectral techniques, such as IR (025-031), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (032, 033), X-ray diffraction analysis (034), and luminescence analysis (035).…”

Section: Artificial Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemometrics

Brown¹,

Barker²,

Larivee³

et al. 1988

Anal. Chem.

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02) Gouveia, M. A.; Seabra e Barros, J.; Tavares, M. J.; Freitas, M. C. J (G4) Routh, M. W. Spectroscopy 1987, 2, 45-52. (G5) Ottaway, J. M.; Littlejohn, D.; Marshall, J. Fortschr. Atomspektrom. (G6) Matuslewlcz, H. Chem. Inz. Chem. 1986, 76, 75-90. (G7) Willoughby, E. J. Commun. Sol Scl. Plant Anal. 1986. 77, 667-677. (G8) Sanz-Medel, A.; Rodriguez Roza, R.; Gonzalez Alonso, R.; Nova1 Valli-(G9) Kratochvil, B.; Motkosky, N.; Duke, M. J. M.: Ng., D. Can. J . Chem.the detailed discussion of computers is somewhat beyond the scone of the review as defined above. a decision was made not Steven D. Brown received his 0.5. degree in chemistry in 1972 and an M.S. in phyaC EaUnwgsnlC ChBmisbY in 1975. both from Pwtland-State Univer&, He obtained the m.D. degree in anawical chemistry from the University 01 Washlngton in 1978 working under the direction 01 Bruce KOwaiSkl. In 1978, he was appointed to the chemistry facuity at the University of California. where he held B joint appointment at the Lawrence m e l e y National Laboratory. He moved to 4 1 i Washington Slate Univer&in 1981. where he war Associate Prolesscr, prior to Ialning the chemistry faculty et the Unlverrny of Delaware In 1986. He is cunentiv AI SOCI --. --ate Professor 01 Chemistry and Operations Research. He I S also Associate Editor Of The Journal Of ChemomsWcs and serves on !he editorial boards of AnaWica Chimica Acta and Anaiyiicai Lstfers . His research interests encompass many aspects of the application Of Computers to chemical problems, including the areas Of real-time analysis, shoat ~rocesGinri. oo!imiratlan. mockling. and process control Todd 0. Barker obtained hi8 B S degree in Chemistry from the University of South Dakota in 1981 Afler working for the South Dakota Geoloaical Survev. he returned to the unker& 01 so&~Dakota. earning an M.A. in analytical chemistry in 1984. He began W.D. studies at Washington state universitv in 1984 and moved to the UniversW of &!aware in 1986 His re-, r L k search ihlere5ts include the development of Kalman finer* for reawme analysis and control and modeling 01 kinetics in flow in]ection anahsls. R a d J. LarlrN earned a B.A. deoree in chemistry from R i d e Island Coiiege in 1978. He began FhD. studies at Washington State Univerrltv ami moved to the LJniV-~~~~~ . ~. . ... ersity 01 Delaware in 1986. His research interests concern development of factor analysis methods fw investigBtion of metal speciation. S1.plrm L. Modre obtained a 0.5. degree in chembtry and computer Science from the University 01 Wisconsin-La Crasse in 1984. That year he moved to Washington State University. where he began Ph.D. studies in Chemistry. He moved lo Oehwars in 1986. where he Is now a graduate research assistant His research interests lie In dlgltal Riierlng. fuzzy matching. and rodeling. Hadan R. Wllk graduated trom Norm Carol!na State University wkh a 0.5. in chemical enginewing in 1984. After beginning his h.0. studies at Washlnglon State University. he moved I O the University Of Delaware h 19%. l i s research Werests lie in th...

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Interpreting the results is the expertise of the laboratory

Winkel¹

1994

Clinica Chimica Acta

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Renal Stone Analysis: LITHOS, an Expert System for Evaluation of X-Ray Diffractograms of Urinary Calculi

Abstract: Summary: An expert System for evaluation of X-ray diffraction patterns of urinary calculi is described and evaluated. The Software was developed using the PERSONAL CONSULTANT expert System shell from Texas Instruments.

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

Development of Knowledge-Based Systems – a Review

Development of Knowledge-Based Systems – a Review

Chemometrics

Interpreting the results is the expertise of the laboratory

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