Renewable-based load shifting system for demand response to enhance energy-economic-environmental performance of industrial enterprises

Silvestri, Luca; De Santis, Michele

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122562

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Simultaneously, the studied configuration remains aligned with the state of the art in renewable systems serving industrial applications (e.g., Ref. [29]), taking a further step forward in the scientific research by introducing decommissioned batteries and assessing the overall environmental impact.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent literature [25][26][27][28] suggests how the second-life use of decommissioned batteries from EVs is an effective and economically viable option for stationary energy storage applications in industrial settings, including the control of fluctuations in electricity supply and demand [29]. Generally, automotive batteries are typically replaced when they retain 70-80% of their original capacity [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Environmental Benefits of an Open-Loop Circular Economy Strategy for Automotive Batteries in Industrial Applications

Silvestri,

Forcina,

Silvestri

et al. 2024

Energies

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Battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can overwhelm some of the environmental challenges of a low-carbon power sector through self-consumption with standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems. This solution can be adapted for different applications such as residential, commercial, and industrial uses. Furthermore, the option to employ second-life batteries derived from electric vehicles represents a promising opportunity for preserving the environment and improving the circular economy (CE) development. Nowadays, the industrial sector is progressively applying CE principles in their business strategies, and focusing on the potential positive consequences of CE eco-innovations on climate change mitigation. With the aim to promote the transition to an open-loop circular economy for automotive batteries, this study assesses and quantifies the potential environmental benefits resulting from the integration of a second-life battery-based BESS (SL-BESS) connected to an industrial machine. For this purpose, various scenarios involving the use of BESS, SL-BESS, and a standalone PV system are compared with a base case, where the machine is entirely powered by electricity from the grid. The examination of life cycle stages follows the life cycle assessment (LCA) cradle-to-grave methodology as outlined in ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006/Amd 1:2017. Simapro® 9 is utilized as the software platform. Results demonstrate that the combination of the SL-BESS with a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system represents the optimal solution in terms of global warming potential (GWP) reduction, with a saving of up to −74.8%. However, manufacturing and end-of-life stages of PV and batteries contribute to abiotic depletion and human toxicity, resulting from the use of chemicals and the extraction of resources essential for their manufacture. Indeed, when BESS is made of new batteries, it demonstrates the most significant impacts in terms of AD at 1.22 × 10−1 kg Sb eq and human toxicity (HT) at 3.87 × 103 kg 1,4-DB eq, primarily attributable to the manufacturing stages of both BESS and PV systems. The findings represent a significant breakthrough, highlighting the substantial capacity of incorporating SL-BESS alongside renewable energy sources to mitigate GWP resulting from industrial applications, and the criticality of repurposing decommissioned batteries from the automotive industry for secondary use.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%