Renewable Cardanol-Based Star-Shaped Prepolymer Containing a Phosphazene Core as a Potential Biobased Green Fire-Retardant Coating

Abstract

A novel star-shaped cardanol oligomer (HCPP) derived from cardanol and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was prepared, and its structure was identified using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The HCPP underwent a thermal-initiated curing reaction both with and without catalyst. Oxygen was essential to this curing reaction, and the film preparation process was very simple. The curing reaction of HCPP was monitored by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) methods. The catalyst (cobalt naphthenate) could remarkably improve the curing reaction speed. The cardanol-based cured films show excellent thermal stabilities. Interestingly, the char yield of the film cured at 800 °C in nitrogen is above 29%, implying that the fire-retardancy of cardanol-based polymers can be notably increased by in traducing a hard phosphazene core into the structure. Meanwhile, all cured films are highly transparent and have T g values above 50 °C.

Modification of Renewable Cardanol onto Carbon Fiber for the Improved Interfacial Properties of Advanced Polymer Composites

“…The reinforcing mechanisms of the fiber-matrix interface were also studied.Polymers 2020, 12, 45 2 of 11 important factors, such as interfacial wettability, the introduced mechanical interlocking, and the formed chemical bonding at the interface [26]. In a word, the formed chemical bonding between CFs and the matrix resin promotes the largest share of composite interface improvements.Cardanol, which is extracted from cashew nut shell liquid using a double vacuum distillation technique, is known as a significant agricultural renewable resource [27][28][29][30]. Cardanol, with a reactive phenolic moiety and an unsaturated C15 hydrocarbon chain, can easily form cross-linked structures under a thermal curing treatment, which is viewed as a robust platform for further grafting for multifunctional applications in the fields of coatings, biocomposites, curing agents, and antioxidants owing to its sustainability, low cost, large availability, and bactericidal properties [31,32].…”

“…Cardanol, which is extracted from cashew nut shell liquid using a double vacuum distillation technique, is known as a significant agricultural renewable resource [27][28][29][30]. Cardanol, with a reactive phenolic moiety and an unsaturated C15 hydrocarbon chain, can easily form cross-linked structures under a thermal curing treatment, which is viewed as a robust platform for further grafting for multifunctional applications in the fields of coatings, biocomposites, curing agents, and antioxidants owing to its sustainability, low cost, large availability, and bactericidal properties [31,32].…”

Development and Characterization of Palm Flower Carbon Reinforced DOPO‐Urea Diamine Based Cardanol Benzoxazine‐Epoxy Hybrid Composites

“…). The 5% weight loss took place at 289°C for DUDCBz‐EP matrix and for 5 wt% f‐ PFC/DUDCBz‐EP composites at 322°C, which may explained due to the improved complexity and the formation of network structure brought by the reinforcement . The char yield of 5 wt% f‐ PFC/DUDCBz‐EP composites is about 18%, whereas that of DUDCBz‐EP hybrid matrix was 11% and the enhanced char yield values of hybrid composites confirm the improved thermal stability .…”

Preparation of hexakis (4‐aldehyde phenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene grafted kaolinite and its synergistic fire resistance in poly (butylene succinate)

“…Phosphazene is a kind of flame retardants with a framework formed by alternating arrangement of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) is one of the typical compounds of phosphazene, which will exhibit P/N synergistic effect . In addition, HCCP is often used as reaction intermediate due to the multiple reactive sites on it .…”