Renewable Thiol–yne “Click” Networks Based on Propargylated Lignin for Adhesive Resin Applications

Abstract

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Kraft Lignin Periodate Oxidation for Biobased Wood Panel Resins

“…Overall, the bonded wood panels' dry and wet bonding strength showed their acceptable tensile shear strength, as specified by the GB/T 14732−2006 National standard (>0.7 MPa), 20 which shows the potential of the BNPF resins as wood adhesives.…”

“…In recent decades, numerous research studies have been reported on exploiting lignin as a phenol replacement in PF resin synthesis for wood adhesive applications. ,,− In our prior work, we successfully used kraft lignin (Indulin AT from Ingevity) as a partial replacement for phenolic monomer synthesis of biobased Novolac PF (BNPF) resin for wood bonding. The work showed that synthesized lignin-based PF resin exhibited the highest adhesion strength compared to the standard Novolac PF resin (NPF) .…”

“…This polyphenolic and amorphous macromolecule is the second most abundant resource after cellulose, and it is formed through radical polymerization of phenylpropane units: p -hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S). The monomeric units H, G, and S are randomly linked through different linkages, including β-O-4, β-β, and β-5 covalent bonds, depending upon the botanic origin and extraction process, resulting in versatile functionality. , In the pulp and paper mills, lignin is generated as a waste byproduct (black liquor) during the delignification of the lignocellulosic biomass by immersing it in an aqueous solution with alkaline chemicals at elevated temperatures (cooking) . However, the lignin-containing black liquor, which is separated from the fibrous material after the cooking process, is underutilized and usually burned for energy production and heat .…”

“…18,19 In the pulp and paper mills, lignin is generated as a waste byproduct (black liquor) during the delignification of the lignocellulosic biomass by immersing it in an aqueous solution with alkaline chemicals at elevated temperatures (cooking). 20 However, the lignincontaining black liquor, which is separated from the fibrous material after the cooking process, is underutilized and usually burned for energy production and heat. 21 To this end, some processes are employed to recover lignin from black liquor.…”

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

“…The phenolformaldehyde resol adhesive which has nanosized lignin (LNP) and microlignin (LMP) is added together. 255 The nanolignin can be used to cure reactant due to the high concentration of phenylpropane units in the molecules. Overall shear strength is increased by its uniform distribution, absorption, and inhibited dimensional changes, as well as by enhanced LNP specific surface area and reactivity.…”