Repeated Botulinum Toxin A Injections for the Treatment of Lines in the Upper Face

Abstract

Long-term, repeated injections of BoNT-A for corrections of wrinkles in the upper face yield a continuously high level of safety and effectiveness in actual practice.

Estudio clínico de eficacia, duración y efectos adversos del implante de ácido hialurónico en área buco-maxilo-facial

“…Although the literature suggests numerous materials (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) for increasing the volume of soft tissues, HA (1-6,10-17,20-52) , silicone (1,5,(53)(54) , polylactic acid (5,12,(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61) , autologous fat (1,5,12,(62)(63)(64) , collagen (1,5,12,(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)(70) , Ca hydroxyapatite (1,5,12,(71)(72)(73)…”

“…The skin aging process involves loss of vasculature, cell reproduction (fibroblasts), elastic and collagen fibers and, essentially, HA, which leads to dehydration and loss of volume (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6), as shown in These alterations are often underdiagnosed by dentists and would merit treatment with dermal fillers (3) and other products (botulinum toxin) (7) . HA is currently the most recommended filler and the one that is closest to the ideal implant (5) .…”

“…Longer life expectancies, the aesthetic demands of these times and the advent of oral rehabilitation with dental implants have underscored the need for correcting some soft tissue defects resulting from aging and/or partial or complete edentation (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) .…”

Correction of glabellar protrusion after botulinum toxin injection for forehead wrinkles

“…The efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection for upper facial wrinkles were established in several studies [2][3][4] . Common side effects include transient headache, bruising, eyebrow ptosis and eyelid swelling [5] . No adverse life threatening events or long-term complications have been reported.…”

Exaggeration of Wrinkles after Botulinum Toxin Injection for Forehead Horizontal Lines

“…When properly used, the incidence of complications with botulinum toxin is low, and there have been no long-term complications or life-threatening adverse effects related to botulinum toxin treatment for any cosmetic indications 4 . However, there are well-known, mild side effects of botulinum toxin treatment on the upper face, though most of them are self limited with time 5 . Common adverse effects can occur due to percutaneous injections on the forehead, and include pain, edema, erythema, and ecchymosis.…”