Repeated evolution of tricellular (and bicellular) pollen

Williams, Joseph H.; Taylor, Mackenzie L.; O’Meara, Brian C.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1300423

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Trinuclear pollen is often observed in herbaceous annuals and weeds. Tricellular pollen is difficult to store, has short viability, high respiratory rate and difficult to germinate in vitro (Shivanna 2003;Williams, Taylor, & O'Meara, 2014). Annona cherimola produces both types of pollen, bicellular and tricellular pollen, in the same plant but high temperatures above 25°C increased the number of tricellular pollen from 5% at 15°C to 60% at 25°C (Lora, Herrero, & Hormaza, 2009).…”

Section: Pollen Viability Morphology and Nucleus Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Hinojosa

Matanguihan

Murphy

2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

110

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Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained considerable attention worldwide during the past decade due to its nutritional and health benefits. However, its susceptibility to high temperatures has been reported as a serious obstacle to its global production. The objective of this study was to evaluate quinoa growth and pollen morphology in response to high temperatures. Pollen morphology and viability, plant growth and seed set, and several physiological parameters were measured at anthesis in two genotypes of quinoa subjected to day/night temperatures of 22/16°C as a control treatment and 40/24°C as the heat stress treatment. Our results showed that heat stress reduced the pollen viability between 30% and 70%. Although no visible morphological differences were observed on the surface of the pollen between the heat‐stressed and non‐heat‐stressed treatments, the pollen wall (intine and extine) thickness increased due to heat stress. High temperature did not affect seed yield, seed size and leaf greenness. On the other hand, high temperature improved the rate of photosynthesis. We found that quinoa has a high plasticity in response to high temperature, though pollen viability and pollen wall structure were affected by high temperatures in anthesis stage. This study is also the first report of quinoa pollen being trinucleate.

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Section: Pollen Viability Morphology and Nucleus Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Hinojosa

Matanguihan

Murphy

2018

J Agronomy Crop Science

110

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“…Analyses of cleared anthers indicated that 9.7% of mature pollen grains contained two sperm cells (n=500), indicating the final generative cell mitosis giving rise to the sperm cells primarily occurs following pollen tube germination. This is also observed in soybean and 70% of flowering plant species (Brewbaker, 1967, Williams et al, 2014, Haerizadeh et al, 2009, Wojciechowski et al, 2004). Anthers and pistils harvested at anthesis were processed to create a transcriptome referred to as mature pollen-sperm cell (MP-SC; see Methods for details).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Gene expression in isolated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cells from meiosis to seed initiation

Gursanscky

Mazurkiewicz

Juranić

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Molecular knowledge of pathways regulating seed formation in legumes, remains scarce. Thirteen isolated cell-type transcriptomes were developed, spanning temporal events of male and female gametogenesis and seed initiation, to examine pathways involved in cowpea seed formation. In situ hybridization confirmed localization of in silico identified cell-specific genes, verifying transcriptome utility. Cowpea and Arabidopsis reproductive cells showed some conservation in regulators enabling cell-type expression as some cowpea cell-specific genes promoters and their Arabidopsis homologs directed expression to identical reproductive cell-types in transgenic plants. In silico analyses revealed gene expression similarities and differences with genes in pathways regulating reproductive events in other plants. Meiosis-related genes were expressed at mitotic stages of gametogenesis and during sporophytic development in cowpea. Plant hormone pathways showing preferential expression at particular reproductive stages were identified. Expression of epigenetic pathways, resembling those found in Arabidopsis, including microRNA mediated gene silencing, RNA directed DNA methylation and histone modification were associated with particular stages of male and female gametophyte development, suggesting roles in gametogenic cell specification and elaboration. Analyses of cell-cycle related gene expression in mature cowpea female gametophytes, indicated that the egg and central cell were arrested at the G1/S and G2/M cell cycle phases, respectively, prior to fertilization. Pre-fertilization female gametophyte arrest was characterized by barely detectable auxin biosynthesis gene expression levels, and elevated expression of genes involved in RNA-mediated gene silencing and histone modification. These transcriptomes provide a useful resource for additional interrogation to support functional analyses for development of higher yielding cowpea and syntenic legume crops. One sentence summary Transcriptomes from cowpea reproductive cell-types isolated in temporal sequence from meiosis to seed initiation revealed cell-type gene expression profiles enabling comparison with gene expression pathways known to function in cell specification and reproductive development in other plants.

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“…We also adapted a DAPI stain to visualize pollen preand post-germination, and to establish whether Cannabis sativa was a bicellular or tricellular species, which to our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. Approximately 30% of angiosperms are known to be tricellular, with the male gametophyte sexually immature at the time of anthesis (Williams et al, 2014). We also used the PGA to test how storage and timing of pollen collection could influence germination rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and optimization of a germination assay and long-term storage forCannabis sativapollen

Gaudet

Yadav

Sorokin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Pollen viability and storage is of great interest to cannabis breeders and researchers to maintain desirable germplasm for future use in breeding or for biotechnological and gene editing applications. Here, we report a simple and efficient cryopreservation method for long-term storage of Cannabis sativa pollen. Additionally, we have deciphered the bicellular nature of cannabis pollen using DAPI staining. We have also standardized a pollen germination assay to assess the viability of cannabis pollen, and found pollen collected from different principal growth stages exhibits different longevity. Finally, we developed a long-term storage method which includes pollen combination with baked whole wheat flower and desiccation under vacuum for cryopreservation. By using this method, we were able to maintain germination viability in liquid nitrogen after 4 months, suggesting potentially indefinite preservation of cannabis pollen.

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Repeated evolution of tricellular (and bicellular) pollen

Cited by 61 publications

References 80 publications

Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

Gene expression in isolated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) cells from meiosis to seed initiation

Development and optimization of a germination assay and long-term storage forCannabis sativapollen

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