Repeated plasma volume determination with the Evans Blue dye dilution technique: The method and a computer program

Foldager, N.; Blomqvist, C. Gunnar

doi:10.1016/0010-4825(91)90033-6

Cited by 116 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…Plasma concentrations of Evans Blue were calculated using the stock solution dissolved in mouse serum as a standard. To correct for the clearance of Evans Blue during distribution time, linear regression of the log transformed concentrations was applied to calculate the y-intercept which represents the imaginary concentration of Evans Blue in its final distribution volume [16]. r 2 approached 0.94±0.07 (SD).…”

Section: Determination Of Plasma Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone

Artunc

Sandulache

Nasir

et al. 2008

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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PPARγ-agonists enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glucose utilization in diabetic patients. Adverse effects of PPARγ-agonists include volume retention and edema formation. Recent observations pointed to the ability of PPARγ agonists to enhance transcription of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1, a kinase that is genomically upregulated by mineralocorticoids and stimulates various renal channels and transporters including the renal epithelial Na + channel ENaC. SGK1 has been proposed to mediate the volume retention after treatment with PPARγ agonists. To test this hypothesis, food containing the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (0.02%, i.e., approximately 25 mg/kg bw/day) was administered to gene-targeted mice lacking SGK1 (sgk1 −/− , n=12) and their wild-type littermates (sgk1 +/+ , n=12). According to in situ hybridization, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, treatment with pioglitazone significantly increased renal SGK1 mRNA and protein expression in sgk1 +/+ mice. The treatment increased body weight significantly in both, sgk1 +/+ mice (+2.2±0.3 g) and sgk −/− mice (+1.3±0.2 g), and decreased hematocrit significantly in sgk1 +/+ mice (−6.5±1.0%) and sgk1 −/− mice (−3.1±0.6%). Both effects were significantly (p<0.05) more pronounced in sgk1 +/+ mice. According to Evans Blue

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Section: Determination Of Plasma Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone

Artunc

Sandulache

Nasir

et al. 2008

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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“…for 5·min. The absorbance of the decanted dyed plasma was determined on a Spectronic 1001 (Milton Roy) spectrophotometer at 624·nm and 740·nm following procedures outlined in Foldager and Blomqvist (1991). Dye concentrations were determined from a serial dilution curve of Evans Blue standards measured at both wavelengths.…”

Section: Blood Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dye concentrations were determined from a serial dilution curve of Evans Blue standards measured at both wavelengths. It is common practice to back-calculate the dye concentration at the time of injection by determining the intercept of a regression line between dye concentration of each serial sample and the time it was collected (Costa et al, 1998;El-Sayed et al, 1995;Foldager and Blomqvist, 1991). This method was not used because the regression between dye concentration and time post-injection for most of the seals was not statistically significant (P>0.05).…”

Section: Blood Volumementioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative energetics and growth strategies of sympatric Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal pups at Îles Crozet

Arnould

Luque

Guinet

et al. 2003

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY The period of maternal dependence is a time during which mammalian infants must optimise both their growth and the development of behavioural skills in order to successfully meet the demands of independent living. The rate and duration of maternal provisioning, post-weaning food availability and climatic conditions are all factors likely to influence the growth strategies of infants. While numerous studies have documented differences in growth strategies at high taxonomic levels, few have investigated those of closely related species inhabiting similar environments. The present study examined the body composition, metabolism and indices of physiological development in pups of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis), congeneric species with different weaning ages (4 months and 10 months, respectively), during their overlap in lactation at a sympatric breeding site in the Iles Crozet. Body lipid reserves in pre-moult pups were significantly greater(t28=2.73, P<0.01) in subantarctic (26%) than Antarctic fur seals (22%). Antarctic fur seal pups, however, had significantly higher (t26=3.82, P<0.001) in-air resting metabolic rates (RMR; 17.1±0.6 ml O2 kg-1min-1) than subantarctic fur seal pups (14.1±0.5 ml O2 kg-1 min-1). While in-water standard metabolic rate (SMR; 22.9±2.5 ml O2 kg-1min-1) was greater than in-air RMR for Antarctic fur seal pups(t9=2.59, P<0.03), there were no significant differences between in-air RMR and in-water SMR for subantarctic fur seal pups(t12=0.82, P>0.4), although this is unlikely to reflect a greater ability for pre-moult pups of the latter species to thermoregulate in water. Pup daily energy expenditure was also significantly greater (t27=2.36, P<0.03) in Antarctic fur seals (638±33 kJ kg-1 day-1) than in subantarctic fur seals (533±33 kJ kg-1 day-1), which corroborates observations that pups of the former species spend considerably more time actively learning to swim and dive. Consistent with this observation is the finding that blood oxygen storage capacity was significantly greater(t9=2.81, P<0.03) in Antarctic (11.5%) than subantarctic fur seal (8.9%) pups. These results suggest that, compared with subantarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seal pups adopt a strategy of faster lean growth and physiological development, coupled with greater amounts of metabolically expensive behavioural activity, in order to acquire the necessary foraging skills in time for their younger weaning age.

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“…A standard curve for estimating blood volume was produced using a series of serially diluted standards of known Evans Blue dye concentration, using the same Evan's Blue dye solution from the fieldwork (El-Sayed et al, 1995;Foldager and Blomqvist, 1991;Swan and Nelson, 1971). Plasma samples were thawed, vortexed and read at 624 and 740 nm in a microplate spectrophotometer (Epoch, BioTek), along with the standard curve samples.…”

Section: Sample Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variability in diving physiology and behavior in a widely distributed air-breathing marine predator, the South American sea lionOtaria byronia

Hückstädt

Tift

Riet-Sapriza

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Our understanding of how air-breathing marine predators cope with environmental variability is limited by our inadequate knowledge of their ecological and physiological parameters. Because of their wide distribution along both coasts of the sub-continent, South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) provide a valuable opportunity to study the behavioral and physiological plasticity of a marine predator in different environments. We measured the oxygen stores and diving behavior of South American sea lions throughout most of its range, allowing us to demonstrate that diving ability and behavior vary across its range. We found no significant differences in mass-specific blood volumes of sea lions among field sites and a negative relationship between massspecific oxygen storage and size, which suggests that exposure to different habitats and geographical locations better explains oxygen storage capacities and diving capability in South American sea lions than body size alone. The largest animals in our study (individuals from Uruguay) were the shallowest and shortest duration divers, and had the lowest mass-specific total body oxygen stores, while the deepest and longest duration divers (individuals from southern Chile) had significantly larger mass-specific oxygen stores, despite being much smaller animals. Our study suggests that the physiology of airbreathing diving predators is not fixed, but that it can be adjusted, to a certain extent, depending on the ecological setting and or habitat. These adjustments can be thought of as a 'training effect': as the animal continues to push its physiological capacity through greater hypoxic exposure, its breath-holding capacity increases.

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Repeated plasma volume determination with the Evans Blue dye dilution technique: The method and a computer program

Cited by 116 publications

References 4 publications

Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone

Lack of the serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase SGK1 attenuates the volume retention after treatment with the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone

The comparative energetics and growth strategies of sympatric Antarctic and subantarctic fur seal pups at Îles Crozet

Regional variability in diving physiology and behavior in a widely distributed air-breathing marine predator, the South American sea lionOtaria byronia

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