Repeated restraint and isolation stress alters adrenal and lymphocyte functions and some leukocyte differentiation antigens in lambs1

Minton, J. Ernest; Coppinger, T.; Reddy, P.G.; Davis, William C.; Blecha, Frank

doi:10.2527/1992.7041126x

Cited by 53 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…We had anticipated either no difference in the response, or less of a response in the previously sheared ewes since wethers exposed to the same stressor every 2 wk showed less adaptation (Hargreaves and Hutson 1990d) than those repeatedly stressed on a daily basis (Minton et al 1992). Equally unexpected was the observation in this study that experienced ewes responded with much larger elevations in plasma cortisol and β-endorphin levels than naïve ewes shortly after they were exposed to the sounds, smells and sights of the shearing room.…”

Section: Hormonal Responses To Repeated Shearingmentioning

confidence: 45%

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Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes

Mears¹,

Brown²,

Redmond³

1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β β-endorphin responses in ewes. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: [35][36][37][38]. The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of handling and shearing on plasma cortisol and β-endorphin levels of ewes and to determine if adaptation to annual shearing occurred. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were determined during either handling only or handling plus shearing in 12 ewes previously exposed to annual shearing (1-4 times) and in 12 naïve ewes. The handling process consisted of four steps: 1) moving ewes from their quarters into the shearing room; 2) moving them in groups of four into a holding pen; 3) moving them in pairs to a shearing platform where they were up-ended and restrained as in shearing; and 4) moving them into another holding pen in the shearing room. Half of the ewes were sheared during step 3 of the handling process. Handling and shearing elevated (P < 0.0001) plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations, but the responses to the handling process and to the handling plus shearing process were similar (P > 0.1). Moving the ewes from their quarters to the shearing platform resulted in significantly higher plasma cortisol, which remained elevated for 60 min. Plasma β-endorphin was only transiently elevated after shearing was completed. Previous exposure to shearing enhanced the cortisol (P < 0.001) and β-endorphin (P < 0.05) responses to handling and shearing. Both responses were significantly greater and longer in the ewes sheared previously. The results indicate that the stress response to handling was equivalent to that of handling plus shearing, and that the stress response was much greater in ewes previously exposed to annual shearing. Nos recherches avaient pour objet de comparer les effets des manipulations et de la tonte sur les niveaux plasmatiques de cortisol et de β-endorphine des brebis et d'établir si les bêtes acquièrent une certaine adaptation aux tontes annuelles. Nous avons mesuré les concentrations plasmatiques de cortisol et de β-endorphine, soit durant les manipulations seules, soit durant les manipulations avec tonte chez 12 brebis déjà auparavant exposées, une à quatre fois, à la tonte annuelle et chez 12 brebis non encore précédem-ment tondues. Les manipulations consistaient en quatre étapes: 1) déplacer les brebis de leur logement jusqu'à la salle de tonte, 2) les déplacer par groupe de quatre, jusqu'à l'enclos d'attente, 3) les amener par paire jusqu'au plateau de tonte où elles étaient renverscés et mises en contention pour la tonte réelle ou fictive et 4) les amener à un autre parquet d'attente dans la salle de tonte. La moitié des brebis étaient effectivement tondues durant l'étape 3. Les manipulations avec tonte réelle produisaient une montée significative (P < 0,0001) des concentrations plasmatiques de cortisol et de β-endorphine, mais il n'y avait pas de différence (P > 0,01) entre ces réponses et celles obtenues après simples manipulations. Le déplacement des breb...

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Section: Hormonal Responses To Repeated Shearingmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…There is evidence that the adrenal and immune systems of lambs adapt to stressful procedures repeated over a short time interval of several days (Minton et al 1992). A slight reduction in the stress response in lambs also occurred when stressors were repeated at 2-wk intervals (Hargreaves and Hutson 1990d).…”

Section: Mots Clésmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes

Mears¹,

Brown²,

Redmond³

1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Protein was measured by the Lowry method (Lowry et al 1951, Kresze 1994, and DNA determined by fluorescence bound to Hoechst 33258 (Labarca & Paigen 1980). Cortisol was measured by radioimmunoassy (RIA) (Minton et al 1992). Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I concentrations in plasma were measured by doubleantibody RIA after acid-ethanol cryoprecipitation (Breier et al 1993, Blum & Breier 1994.…”

Section: Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a chronic maternal cortisol infusion on the late-gestation fetal sheep

Jensen¹,

Gallaher²,

Breier³

et al. 2002

Journal of Endocrinology

114

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Exposure of the fetus to excess maternal glucocorticoids has been postulated to alter fetal growth and development, and thus provide a possible mechanism for the link between impaired fetal growth and altered postnatal physiology. However, the effects of exposure to excess maternal glucocorticoids on fetal physiology and metabolism in utero have not been described. We therefore studied the effects of chronic maternal cortisol infusion on fetal growth, blood pressure, metabolism and endocrine status in chronically catheterised fetal sheep. We infused hydrocortisone (80 mg/day, n=6) or saline (n=8) for 10 days into the pregnant ewes beginning at 119 days of gestation. Maternal cortisol infusion reduced fetal growth rate by 30% (girth increment 2·9 0·3 vs 1·8 0·4 mm/ day, P=0·03). Maternal cortisol infusion increased fetal heart weight by 15% relative to body weight and increased ventricular wall thickness by 30% in the left and 50% in the right ventricle. The weight of the spleen was reduced by 30% and placental weight reduced by 25%. Fetal blood pressure increased by approximately 10 mmHg (20%) during maternal cortisol infusion.Maternal cortisol infusion did not alter amino-nitrogen concentrations. However, maternal lactate concentrations increased by 80% and fetal lactate concentrations increased by 74% with maternal cortisol infusion, and both maternal and fetal urea concentrations increased by 40%. Circulating maternal IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 levels had increased by 20% by the end of the maternal cortisol infusion. Fetal IGF-I concentrations decreased during cortisol infusion and fetal IGFBP-1 concentrations were negatively correlated with fetal weight (r= 0·76, P=0·02).We conclude that even a modest elevation of maternal cortisol levels affects fetal growth, cardiovascular function, metabolism and endocrine status which may have longterm consequences.

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“…The results showed that neither immune status of the animals in terms of peripheral leukocyte profile and lymphocyte function nor cortisol concentration was affected by the beta-agonist. Cortisol is known to be a stress hormone and has been reported to have immunosuppressive actions (Munk et al 1984), which include a) a leukocytosis with neutrophilia and eosinopenia and in some cases, lymphopenia (Collins and Suarez-Guemes 1985;Minton and Blecha 1990), b) reduced proliferation of lymphocytes in response to lectins (Coppinger et al 1991;Minton et al 1995), c) changes in the proportion of leukocytes expressing various differentiation antigens in vitro (Minton et al 1992;Cockram et al 1994). It is not surprising that the beta-agonist was not found to be immunosuppressive in the present study, as cortisol was not elevated by the beta-agonist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and low environmental temperature on the immune system of growing lambs

Li¹,

Christopherson

Field

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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2000. Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and low environmental temperature on the immune system of growing lambs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 605-613. Sixteen lambs were studied to examine the effects of cold environment and a beta-agonist on their immune status. The beta-agonist, L-646, 969, was fed for 4 wk at 0.28 or 0 mg kg-0.75 BW to animals housed in a warm (20°C) or a moderately cold (0°C) environment. The cold environment suppressed PWM-stimulated proliferation at week 3 (P < 0.03) and week 4 (P < 0.01). The percentage of CD4 cells and CD4:CD8 cell ratio were decreased at week 1 (P < 0.02; P < 0.05) and week 3 (P < 0.001; P < 0.003), and the percentage of CD2 cells (P < 0.05) was decreased at week 2 at the low-temperature. The beta-agonist did not influence leukocyte profile and lymphocyte functions. The results suggest that a cold environment may influence immune function by suppressing lymphocytes expressing CD2, CD4 and CD4:CD8 cell ratio, and changing lymphocyte proliferative response to a T cell mitogen. Further investigation is required to identify the effects of prolonged and intense cold exposure on the immune system with a large number of animals and the implications of current observations for the health of animals in a cold environment. Li, Y. Z., Christopherson, R. J. et Field, C. J. 2000. Effets d'un agoniste adrénergique de type β β et d'une basse température d'ambiance sur le système immunitaire des agneaux en croissance. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 605-613. Seize agneaux faisaient l'objet de travaux sur les effets d'un environnement froid et d'un β-agoniste sur leur état immunitaire. Le β-agoniste L-646, 969 était administré pendant 4 semaines à raison de 0,28 ou de 0 mg kg-0.75 PC à des animaux logés en bergerie chaude (20°C) ou modérément froide (0°C). Le logement en milieu froid avait pour effet d'inhiber la prolifération lymphocytaire stimulée par le mitogène du Phytolacca à la semaine 3 (P < 0,03) et à la semaine 4 (P < 0,01). Le pourcentage de cellules CD4 et le rapport cel-lulaire CD4 : CD8, diminuaient à la semaine 1 (P < 0,02 et P < 0,05) et à la semaine 3 (P < 0,001 et P < 0,003). En outre, le pour-centage de cellules CD2 (P < 0,05) présentait une diminution à la semaine 2. Le β-agoniste n'avait pas d'influence sur le profil lymphocytaire ni sur les fonctions des lymphocytes. Il se dégage de ces observations qu'un milieu froid peut perturber la fonction immunitaire en inhibant les lymphocytes exprimant les types cellulaires CD2 et CD4 ainsi que le ratio CD4 :CD8 et en modifiant la réponse proliférative des lymphocytes à un mitogène des cellules T. Il reste à poursuivre la recherche pour dégager, d'une part, les effets sur grand nombre d'animaux d'une exposition prolongée et intense au froid sur le système immunitaire et, d'autre part, la signification des observations courantes pour la santé des animaux en milieu froid. that heat stress suppressed immunity in chickens by increasing the ratio of neutrophil to lymphocytes and in rabbits by decreasing the capacity of peripheral bloo...

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Repeated restraint and isolation stress alters adrenal and lymphocyte functions and some leukocyte differentiation antigens in lambs1

Cited by 53 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes

Effects of handling, shearing and previous exposure to shearing on cortisol and β-endorphin responses in ewes

The effect of a chronic maternal cortisol infusion on the late-gestation fetal sheep

Effects of beta-adrenergic receptor agonist and low environmental temperature on the immune system of growing lambs

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