Report from working group on in vitro tests for chromosomal aberrations

Galloway, Sheila M.; Aardema, Marilyn J.; Ishidate, Morizo; Ivett, J. L.; Kirkland, David; Morita, Takeshi; Mosesso, Pasquale; Sofuni, Toshio

doi:10.1016/0165-1161(94)00012-3

Cited by 159 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…One approach to the assessment of safety is to assay the genotoxicity of such agents using cultured mammalian cells. One of a battery of genotoxicity tests is chromosome aberrations which have been used as a possible screen for mutagens / carcinogens (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Fourteen Chemical Agents Used in Dental Practice to Induce Chromosome Aberrations in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells

et al. 2005

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Abstract. To assess the genotoxicity of 14 chemical agents used in dental practice, the ability of these agents to induce chromosome aberrations was examined using Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Statistically significant increases in the frequencies of chromosome aberrations were induced in SHE cells treated with 7 of 10 chemical agents used as endodontic medicaments, that is, carbol camphor, m-cresol, eugenol, guaiacol, zinc oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and formaldehyde. The other 3 chemical agents, that is, thymol, glutaraldehyde, and iodoform, did not increase the levels of chromosome aberrations. Of the 4 chemical agents that are used as an antiseptic on the oral mucosa, chromosome aberrations were induced by iodine, but not by the other 3 antiseptics, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and chlorhexidine. Among the 6 chemical agents exhibiting a negative response in the assay, only thymol induced chromosome aberrations in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation. Our results indicate that chemical agents having a positive response in the present study are potentially genotoxic to mammalian cells and need to be studied further in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ability of Fourteen Chemical Agents Used in Dental Practice to Induce Chromosome Aberrations in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells

et al. 2005

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“…We focused on the following structural aberrations: breaks-chromatid, iso-chromatid, exchanges-dicentrics, rings, tri-radials and quadri-radials. Some gaps were observed as well, but those were not included in the total number of chromosome aberrations, according to the OECD recommendations (Galloway et al 1994). The number of aberrant metaphases and the total number of chromosomal aberrations was statistically evaluated.…”

Section: In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…473: In vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test (Galloway et al 1994). The HepG2 cells were seeded into Petri dishes (Ø 60 mm; inoculum 1×10 6 cells/dish) and allowed to grow for 24 h. Then the cultures were treated with different concentrations of HYP (0.005-1.0 µg/ml) added into the media.…”

Section: In Vitro Mammalian Chromosome Aberration Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoactivated hypericin is not genotoxic

Feruszova¹,

Imreova²,

Bodnarova³

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The study was designed to test the potential photogenotoxicity of hypericin (HYP) at three different levels: primary DNA damages, gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. Primary genetic changes were detected using the comet assay. The potential mutagenic activity of HYP was assessed using the Ames/Salmonella typhimurium assay. Finally, the ability of photoactivated HYP to induce chromosome aberrations was evaluated by the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test and compared to that of non-photoactivated HYP. The results have shown that photoactivated HYP can only induce primary DNA damages (single-strand DNA breaks), acting in a dose-response manner. This activity depended both on HYP concentrations and an intensity of the light energy needed for its photoactivation. However, mutagenic effect of photoactivated HYP evaluated in the Ames assay using three bacterial strains S. typhimurium (TA97, TA98 and TA100) was not confirmed. Moreover, photoactivated HYP in the range of concentrations (0.005-0.01 µg/ml) was not found to be clastogenic against HepG2 cells. Our findings from both the Ames assay and the chromosome aberrations test provide evidence that photoactivated HYP is not genotoxic, which might be of great importance mainly in terms of its use in the photodynamic therapy.

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“…Genetik materyalde oluşan bu tip hasarlar onarılamadığında, ortaya çıkan yüksek kromozomal sapma frekansı artmış kanser riskine işaret etmektedir. 9 Mikroçekirdek yöntemi, kromozomda oluşan sayısal ve yapısal anormalliklerin gösterildiği testtir ve mikroçekirdek oluşumu esasına dayanmaktadır. Mikroçekirdek, tüm kromozomun veya kromozom parçalarının hücre bölünmesi sırasında yavru çekirdek olarak ana çekirdek dışına çıkması-dır.…”

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Genotoxic Effects of Mycotoxins: Review

Beci̇t¹,

Aydın²,

Baydar³

2017

Turkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci

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senobiyotiklere maruziyet sonucunda DNA'da meydana gelen kalıcı değişikliklere "mutasyon" denir. Mutasyon, genotoksik etkinin nihai bir sonucudur. DNA molekülünde oluşan başlıca primer DNA hasarları; DNA sarmalındaki tek ve çift iplik kırıklarını, DNA bazları ve proTurkiye Klinikleri J Pharm Sci 2017;6(2):59-76 59Mikotoksinlerin Genotoksik Etkileri Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Mikotoksinler, hem insan ve hayvan sağlığına olumsuz etkilere hem de ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaları açısından önemli riskler taşımaktadır. Mikotoksinlere maruziyet, asıl olarak kontamine yem ve gıdaların tüketilmesi ile olup, inhalasyon veya dermal yolla da temas söz konusu olabilmektedir. Mikotoksinler insan sağlığı üzerinde karaciğer, böbrek, bağışıklık, üreme ve gelişme sistemi gibi birçok organ ve sistemi olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmekte, düşük doz ancak kronik maruziyetlerinde özellikle genotoksik ve karsinojenik etkileri ile kansere yol açabilmektedir. Gı-dalarda önemli risk oluşturan mikotoksinler arasında Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium ve Alternaria türlerinin oluşturduğu metabolitler yer almaktadır. Bu metabolitler arasında aflatoksinler, okratoksinler, zearalenon, trikotesenler, fusarium ve yeni keşfedilen fusarium mikotoksinler, patulin, alternaria toksinleri ve ergot alkaloitleri yer almaktadır. Günümüzde bazı mikotoksinlerin genotoksik olduğu artık bilinmektedir. Mikotoksinlerin genotoksik etki mekanizmalarına yönelik araştırmalar halen devam etmektedir. Her ne kadar in vitro çalışmalarda bazı mikotoksinlerin genotoksik etkileri gösterilmiş olsa da bu etkilerin in vivo koşullarla desteklenmesi, etki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması ve epidemiyolojik çalışmalarla daha ileri değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, ekonomik kayıplara yol açan, toplum ve hayvan sağlığı için riskleri olan ve gıda kirleticileri olarak sık karşılaşılan mikotoksinlerin neden olduğu genetik hasarlardan ve bu hasarın olası mekanizmalarından bahsedilecektir.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Aflatoksinler; mutajenler; okratoksinler; mikotoksinler; patulin; mutajenlik testleri; fusarium; alternaria; ergotamin A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Mycotoxins have significant risks in terms of their adverse effects on human and animal health and causing serious economic losses. Exposure to mycotoxins is primarily through the consumption of contaminant feed and food, which may be through the inhalation or dermal route. Mycotoxins can adversely affect many organs and systems such as liver, kidney, immune system, reproductive and developmental system on human health. In low dose but chronic exposures, especially it can cause cancer with genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Mycotoxins reveal significant risks in terms of both adverse effects on human and animal health and serious economic loss. Mycotoxins, which have significant risks in food, include metabolites of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria species, These metabolites include aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, tricothecenes, fusarium and emerged fusarium mycotoxins...

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Report from working group on in vitro tests for chromosomal aberrations

Cited by 159 publications

References 55 publications

Ability of Fourteen Chemical Agents Used in Dental Practice to Induce Chromosome Aberrations in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells

Ability of Fourteen Chemical Agents Used in Dental Practice to Induce Chromosome Aberrations in Syrian Hamster Embryo Cells

Photoactivated hypericin is not genotoxic

Genotoxic Effects of Mycotoxins: Review

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