Reported normal values and weighted means for commonly used echocardiography pulsed Doppler and tissue Doppler measurements

Abstract

Pulsed Doppler (PW) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) measurements are part of every echocardiography examination for evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function and filling pressure. The purpose of this study was to summarize published data on normal values for PW and TDI measurements. A PubMed search was performed on the 10th of October 2016 to identify relevant articles. Studies were considered relevant if they included more than 200 healthy individuals. A total of 13 studies were identified. Of these, 13 studies with 7777 subjects reported PW measurement over the mitral valve, six studies with 4082 subjects reported PW measurement in the pulmonary vein and 10 studies with 5988 subjects reported TDI. We also report weighted mean values for 14 different variables. As expected, measurements varied with age. There were no major differences between men and women. In contrast, there was a large difference in reported values between studies, in corresponding age groups. This review therefore raises caution about relying on normal values from just one study.

Effect of food intake on echocardiographic measurements in healthy elderly

“…In addition, e' (septal) and s' (lateral) also were noticeably higher amongst the young. The young population also had a much higher E/A ratio but a lower S/D ratio, which is expected given the diastolic changes that occur with age 12–16 . Left ventricular wall stress was higher in the younger population.…”

“…The young population also had a much higher E/A ratio but a lower S/D ratio, which is expected given the diastolic changes that occur with age. [12][13][14][15][16] Left ventricular wall stress was higher in the younger population. This could be due to a larger left ventricular mass with increased wall thickness and fibrosis in the older population, together with stiffer arteries and higher blood pressure.…”

“…Though the findings might not be of consequence for clinical evaluations in everyday practice, they suggest that the effects of food consumption should be considered, in studies, especially if the sample size is small 8–11 . The cardiovascular system changes with increasing age, both physiologically and not so rarely pathologically 12–16 . Hence, senior people are an important target group in cardiovascular studies.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] The cardiovascular system changes with increasing age, both physiologically and not so rarely pathologically. [12][13][14][15][16] Hence, senior people are an important target group in cardiovascular studies. In the present study we therefore aim to investigate whether the previous findings are reproducible in an older population.…”

Estratificación de disfunción diastólica y patrones de llenado del ventrículo izquierdo en pacientes llevados a ecocardiografía en un centro de tercer nivel según las Guías de la Sociedad Americana de Ecocardiografía y la Asociación Europea de Imágenes Cardíacas 2016

“…En nuestra cohorte, una relación E/e´ > 14 estuvo presente en el 72% de los pacientes con disfunción diastólica tipo III, sin embargo, en nuestro estudio, no se realizó cateterismo cardiaco para demostrar un incremento de la presión de llenado. Las guías de función diastólica 2016 tuvieron en cuenta los puntos de corte de normalidad según los resultados del estudio NORRE en 449 sujetos sin evidencia de patología cardiovascular [13], sin embargo, como Dencker y col. [14] sugieren, aún puede ser prematuro definir valores de corte normales, dado que hay variabilidad entre los diferentes estudios y aún no es muy claro los límites para definir anormalidad como referencia estándar.…”