Reporting Avian Influenza surveillance

Brouwer, Adam; Huneau, Adeline; Kuiken, Thijs; Staubach, Christoph; Stegeman, Arjan; Baldinelli, Francesca; Verdonck, Frank; Aznar, Inma

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5493

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Changes performed on implicit facets for these seven terms are presented in Table 2: . EFSA et al, 2018). Given that an extensive amendment of the Bird section (A057X -Bird (as animal)) was done in 2019 (EFSA et al, 2020), only seven new terms were requested for addition by data providers, as detailed in Appendix A.…”

Section: Other Amendments To Implicit Facetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoodEx2 maintenance 2020

Nikolić

Ioannidou

2021

EFS3

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FoodEx2 is a comprehensive food classification and description system developed and maintained by EFSA with the aim to keep it up to date and to cover the needs of data collections in different domains. To ensure its full applicability, a regular maintenance of the system is needed. Three major updates were carried out so far and EFSA reported on the applied changes annually. This technical report describes the outcome of the fourth maintenance process done during 2020, which entailed addition of new terms, deprecation of terms and amendments to existing terms including enrichment of implicit facets and changes to the parent-child relationship.

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Section: Other Amendments To Implicit Facetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

FoodEx2 maintenance 2020

Nikolić

Ioannidou

2021

EFS3

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“…4 4 For the purpose of this report, growers are defined as PEs (different species) in which poultry are reared for only part of their productive cycle, production cycle, while they will later be sold to other farms for the completion of their production cycle (i.e. meat/eggs) (Brouwer et al., 2018). …”

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Annual report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2022

Aznar,

Kohnle,

Stoicescu

et al. 2023

EFS2

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All European Union (EU) Member States (MSs) are required to implement surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds and (i) to notify the outbreaks, when relevant and (ii) to report the results to the responsible authority. In addition, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) also implement ongoing surveillance programmes to monitor occurrences of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to collate, validate, analyse and summarise the data resulting from these AI surveillance programmes in an annual report. The present report summarises the results of the surveillance activities carried out in MSs, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) in 2022. Overall, the 31 reporting countries (RCs) sampled 22,171 poultry establishments (PEs) during the 2022 surveillance activity: 18,490 PEs were sampled for serological testing and 3775 were sampled for virological testing. Some PEs were therefore sampled for both type of analytical methods. Out of the 18,490 PEs sampled for serological testing, 15 (0.08%) were seropositive for influenza A(H5) viruses. Out of the 3775 PEs sampled for virological testing, 74 PEs (1.96%) were positive to the virological assay for influenza A(H5) viruses. Seropositive PEs were found in four RCs (Belgium, Poland, Spain and Sweden) and as in previous years, the highest percentages of seropositive PEs were found in PEs raising breeding geese and waterfowl game birds. Out of these 15 seropositive PEs, 3 also tested positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza A (H5) viruses -2 for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) and 1 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) (H5N3). In relation to the virological surveys, 10 RCs (32%) out of the 31 reported the detection of A (H5) viruses in 74 PEs, covering 12 different poultry categories. More specifically, 54 reported HPAIV A(H5N1), 17 HPAIV (H5N8), 2 AIV (H5N1) with unknown virus pathogenicity and 1 low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) (H5N3). Additionally, six PEs tested positive for undefined AIVs in three RCs. A total of 32,143 wild birds were sampled, with 4163 (12.95%) wild birds testing positive for HPAIVs by PCR, from 25 RCs. In contrast to previous years, out of the 4163 wild birds testing positive for HPAIv, subtype A(H5N1) virus was the main influenza A virus subtype identified among the wild bird testing positive for HPAIVs (3942; 95%). In addition, RCs also reported 984 wild birds testing positive for low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI). Out of those, for 660 (67%) it was ascertained that the subtype was non-A(H5/H7); 260 (26%) wild birds tested positive for LPAIv of A(H5 or H7) subtypes and the remaining 64 (7%) LPAI viruses were belonging to other H-subtypes.

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“…7 7 For the purpose of this report, growers are defined as PEs (different species) in which poultry are reared for only part of their production cycle, while they will later be sold to other farms for the completion of their production cycle (i.e. meat/eggs) (EFSA, 2018). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2021

Aznar¹,

Baldinelli²,

Stoicescu³

et al. 2022

EFS2

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European Union (EU) Member States (MSs) are required to carry out surveillance for avian influenza (AI) in poultry and wild birds and notify the results to the responsible authority. In addition, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland) also implement ongoing surveillance programmes to monitor incursions of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in poultry and wild birds. EFSA received a mandate from the European Commission to collate, validate, analyse and summarise the data resulting from these AI surveillance programmes in an annual report. The present report summarises the results of the surveillance activities carried out in MSs and the aforementioned countries in 2021. Overall, 24,290 poultry establishments (PEs) were sampled, of which 27 were seropositive for influenza A(H5) and 4 for A(H7) viruses. Seropositive PEs were found in 10 MSs and, as per previous years, the highest percentages of seropositive PEs were found in establishments raising waterfowl game birds and breeding geese. Out of these 31 seropositive PEs, 3 tested positive by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for influenza A(H5) viruses: 1 for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV), 1 for low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) and 1 with unknown virus pathogenicity. In addition, 16 countries reported PCR test results from 1,858 PEs which did not correspond to the follow‐up testing of a positive serology event (e.g. in some PEs, PCR tests were used for screening). Sixty‐five of these PEs in 10 MSs were found positive for AIVs. Apart from poultry, 31,382 wild birds were sampled, with 2,314 wild birds testing positive for HPAIVs by PCR. Twenty‐two countries reported HPAIV‐positive wild birds and most positive samples were identified as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus. In addition, 328 wild birds tested positive for LPAIVs of the A(H5/H7) subtypes and 362 wild birds tested positive for non‐A(H5/H7) subtype AIVs.

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Reporting Avian Influenza surveillance

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

FoodEx2 maintenance 2020

FoodEx2 maintenance 2020

Annual report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2022

Annual report on surveillance for avian influenza in poultry and wild birds in Member States of the European Union in 2021

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