Reproduction and development in Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii)

Abstract

Within the last decade, knowledge about reproduction in Goeldi's monkey has increased steadily and has enabled selective breeding. Goeldi's monkey is unique among the Callitrichidae because it gives birth to a single offspring rather than twins. This results in a lower reproductive output from breeding females as compared to other species within this family. In common with other clawed monkeys, Goeldi's monkey does not show any external signs during reproductive status. Therefore, monitoring of hormonal changes is required. Details are known about the endocrine aspects of the ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and postpartum ovulation. Furthermore, data are available on parental care as well as about the offspring's physical and behavioral development. MONITORING OF OVARIAN ACTIVITYOvarian activity can be noninvasively monitored in urine and fecal samples. A stress-free, noninvasive urine sampling technique that also applies to the collection of fecal samples has been described by Jurke et al. 1 Measuring either the urinary progesterone metabolite pregnandiol-3␣-glucuronide or the urinary estrone-3-conjugates allows estimation of the reproduction status of a female Goeldi's monkey. 2-4 A comparative study, however, demonstrated that in Goeldi's monkey, urinary pregnandiol-3␣-glucuronide (PdG) provides a more accurate and reliable system than urinary estrone-3-conjugates. 3 Whereas urinary estrone-3-conjugates concentrations did not increase until 3-5 days postovulation, urinary PdG showed a high correlation with plasma progesterone, and an increase in concentration was observed 1-2 days after ovulation. Based on plasma progesterone and PdG concentrations, female Goeldi's monkeys show an average ovarian cycle length of 23.9 Ϯ 0.4 days, consisting of a follicular phase of 10.7 Ϯ 0.3 days and a luteal phase of 13.5 Ϯ 0.3 days. 3 PdG concentrations of 0.10 -0.30 g/mg Cr indicate a follicular phase, whereas the luteal phase is characterized by PdG concentrations over 0.40 g/mg Cr. Therefore, the day of ovulation is estimated to be the day immediately preceding a 2-4-day period with two consecutive urine samples in which PdG exceeds 0.20 g/mg Cr and 0.40 g/mg Cr, respectively.In addition to urine samples, fecal samples provide an alternative to obtaining noninvasive information on the reproductive state. Fecal unconjugated estrogen (estrone and estradiol-17␤) concentrations during the luteal phase (105 Ϯ 22 ng/g) are on average 10-fold higher than follicular phase concentrations (11 Ϯ 2 ng/g). 4 The increase in concentrations occurs 2-5 days after ovulation. PREGNANCY AND POSTPARTUM OVULATIONRegarding urinary PdG concentrations, a conception cycle is defined by a 20-day period of urinary PdG concentrations above 0.40 g/mg Cr and results in an average gestational length of 151-152 days. 1 PdG profiles during pregnancy are characterized by high concentrations during the first trimester (mean range, 0.62-1.13 g/mg Cr), followed by a steady decrease during the second trimester (mean range, 0.40 -0.62 g/mg Cr), and a further increas...

DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA DEL SUPAY PICHICO Callimico goeldii (THOMAS, 1904) EN LA RESERVA NACIONAL PUCACURO, AL NORTE DE LA AMAZONÍA PERUANA

“…Los adultos tienen en promedio 500 g y viven en pequeños grupos con una o dos madres (Porter, 2001b). En cautiverio, la hembra llega a su madurez sexual a las 57 semanas y su periodo de gestación es de 151 a 152 días (Dettling, 2002), tiene una sola cría que al nacer tiene 58 g (Porter & Garber, 2004). Habita bosques primarios con sotobosque denso y también bosques secundarios (Porter et al, 2007), característica que hizo inferir que la fragmentación de bosques no afectaría a sus poblaciones (Ferrari, 2009).…”

Different ovarian responses to potential mates underlie species-specific breeding strategies in common marmoset and Goeldi's monkey

“…mother-daughter pairs or sister-sister pairs (Nievergelt et al, 2000). In captive Goeldi's monkey, adult daughters exhibit typical ovarian cyclicity in their natal family, even though they do not mate/reproduce in the family group (Dettling, 2002;Dettling and Pryce, 1999). In groups containing unrelated adult females, there are reports that both females exhibit ovarian activity, although one or both females can also exhibit periods of acyclicity, and conception or reproduction by more than one female can lead to aggression and loss of group stability (Carroll, 1988;Carroll et al, 1990;.…”