Reproductive Diseases

Gilbert, R.O.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-39055-2.00009-7

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…Fever, mostly defined as a rectal temperature above 39.5 • C, was generally recognized as a criterion for choice for treatment, as suggested in literature (Drillich et al, 2001;Lima et al, 2014;Pohl et al, 2016). Vaginal examination can be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, for instance when the fetal membranes are not externalized (Gilbert, 2018), but another important motive for vaginal exploration seems to be the manual removal of the placenta, which is done by a large majority of respondents. This practice of manual removal of the placenta does not seem to be a uniquely Belgian practice, since another recent study came to the same conclusion (Hehenberger et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Eppe

Lowie

Opsomer

et al. 2021

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is a frequent postpartum disorder in cattle causing considerable economic losses, and a common indication for antibiotic (AB) administration. There is controversy with regard to the treatment of RFM, and scientific recommendations are often in conflict with current legislation on AB use and practical routines in the field.The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic approaches of RFM by Belgian rural veterinarians. A digital survey was sent to 468 Belgian veterinarians; 149 complete questionnaires (Wallonia: 78; Flanders: 71) were obtained. Survey questions captured socio-demographic characteristics, case definition, therapeutic approaches and treatment options for RFM. Questions on treatment were duplicated for dairy and beef cattle.When confronted with dairy cows suffering from RFM without fever, 35.6 % of vets do not treat with AB, while the majority administers AB, either intrauterine (47.6 %), systemically (10.7 %) or both (6.1 %). Dairy cows with RFM and fever receive a systemic (33.5 %), intrauterine (2.7 %) or combined (61.8 %) AB treatment. For a beef cow with RFM without fever, 21.5 % of vets prefer no AB treatment, while others prefer an intrauterine (24.2 %), systemic (24.8 %), combined (29.5 %) AB treatment. Beef cows with RFM and fever receive AB from the large majority of vets, by systemic (34.9 %) or combined (56.3 %) administration. In case of a parenteral treatment, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin are by far the most frequently used molecules; only a minority of vets use cephalosporins. Manual placental removal is attempted by 93.9 % of the respondents.These results demonstrate that there is room for improvement when considering the treatment protocols of RFM. Many veterinarians use AB in RFM cows not presenting symptoms of general illness, or administer intrauterine AB in cows with or without clinical signs of illness. Concerning the molecules of choice, practical routines are largely in line with national AB recommendations. Beef cows suffering from RFM are treated more rigorously than dairy cows, regardless of their rectal temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is logical, since chlortetracyclines are the only registered AB molecules on the market in Belgium for local treatment of RFM (Gustin, 2020). The use of tetracyclines is however controversial because they may interfere with the natural intrauterine inflammatory/immune system (Moller, 1967;Eiler and Fecteau, 2007;Gilbert, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Eppe

Lowie

Opsomer

et al. 2021

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…Not surprisingly, the majority (71%) of practitioners perform a vaginal examination in the case of RFM. Such an examination is necessary to confirm the diagnosis when the fetal membranes are not externalized [45] or in 48.7% of cases to attempt to manually remove the placenta.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propaedeutic and Therapeutic Practices Used for Retained Fetal Membranes by Rural European Veterinary Practitioners

Hanzen,

Rahab

2024

Animals

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The present study aimed to monitor the practices of European veterinarians for the diagnosis and treatment of retained fetal membranes in cattle. A questionnaire was established and distributed to veterinarians from five European countries. A total of 700 veterinarians participated in the survey. A vaginal examination, general examination and uterine palpation are carried out by 71%, 38% and 23% of veterinarians, respectively. Moreover, half of the veterinarians attempt to remove the placenta manually, 70% of them administer a combined local and general treatment if the cow has a fever (more than 39.5 °C), and 50% of them only administer IU treatment if no fever is observed. Tetracyclins, cefapirin and penicillins are the most used intrauterine (IU) antibiotics, whereas penicillin is the most used parenteral one. All other European veterinarians were less likely to use cefapirin and more likely to use oxytocin, Ca perfusion and NSAID than French and Walloon veterinarians. In conclusion, our study confirms the necessity of improving and rationalizing the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of the RFM, mainly to reduce the important problem of antibiotic resistance.

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“…The sustainability of a livestock farm begins with an adequate state of animal health, which depends mainly on the effective management of the multiple pathogens found in the farm [ 1 ]. In particular, the control of etiological agents of infectious diseases that generate significant negative impacts on the reproductive efficiency of cattle, both in the beef and dairy industry, as well as concomitant problems for human health and the environment, is due to the use of antimicrobials as a treatment for reproductive pathologies [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the best available scientific information, effective recognition, prevention, and treatment of reproductive disorders are essential in the practice of veterinary professionals and farm owners. Thus, prevention and control protocols must be based on diagnostic tests that fit into the overall biosecurity production programs and must have measures to prevent pathogens' introduction and spread [ 2 , 3 ]. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate serological evidence for the presence of infections caused by BoHV-1, BVD, PI3, Neospora caninum , and Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serodiagnosis and Risk Factors Associated with Infectious Agents of Reproductive Diseases in Bovines of Chiquinquirá, District of Boyacá (Colombia)

Lancheros-Buitrago

Bulla-Castañeda

Pulido-Medellín

et al. 2022

Veterinary Medicine International

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The productivity of cattle farms is affected by infectious and noninfectious factors that generate economic losses and cause reproductive failure represented by low conception rates, embryonic mortality, abortions, and fetal mummification. The infectious agents that most impact the reproductive health of the bovine species from conception to birth are bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) causing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (PI3), Neospora caninum and Leptospira spp. The objective of this study was to diagnose the presence of BoHV-1, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), PI3, Neospora caninum, and Leptospira spp. by serology and identify the risk factors associated with infectious agents of reproductive interest in bovines of Boyacá (Colombia). A descriptive cross-sectional study was developed, with simple random sampling, where a sample size of 601 female cattle of Holstein, Jersey, and Normande breeds of different age groups was determined. Blood samples were taken and processed using the indirect ELISA technique (SYNBIOTICS®, SERELISA® BVD p80 Ab Mono Blocking, Ingezim R.12.NC.K, PRIMACHECK VPI-3®) and the MAT test for the diagnosis of bovine leptospirosis. The data were processed with the statistical program Epi Info™. The highest apparent seroprevalence was established for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (61.1%), followed by BVD (37.6%), PI3 (40.9%), neosporosis (51.1%), and leptospirosis (14.8%). Variables such as age >4 years and Holstein breed for IBR and >4 years for BVD were established risk factors. Considering our results, we suggest implementing prevention and control plans that include vaccination as a prophylactic measure and biosecurity tools that reduce the probability of contagion and transmission of pathogens.

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Reproductive Diseases

Cited by 3 publications

References 84 publications

Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Propaedeutic and Therapeutic Practices Used for Retained Fetal Membranes by Rural European Veterinary Practitioners

Serodiagnosis and Risk Factors Associated with Infectious Agents of Reproductive Diseases in Bovines of Chiquinquirá, District of Boyacá (Colombia)

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