Reproductive Endocrine Functions in Men with Primary Hypothyroidism: Effect of Thyroxine Replacement

Kumar, Jaya; Khurana, Madan Lal; Ammini, AC; Karmarkar, M. G.; Ahuja, Maninder

doi:10.1159/000181828

Cited by 76 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All patients had evidence of hypogonadism; five were hypergonadotropic, and the remaining three, hypogonadotropic. Other authors describe elevated (43) or even normal gonadotropin levels in these patients (12,44). Basal serum gonadotrophin concentrations are usually normal in hyperthyroid males.…”

Section: Thyroid Hormone Disorders and Androgenic Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Wajner

Wagner

Maia

2009

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Thyroid hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of virtually all tissues. Although for many years the testis was thought to be a thyroid-hormone unresponsive organ, studies of the last decades have demonstrated that thyroid dysfunction is associated not only with abnormalities in morphology and function of testes, but also with decreased fertility and alterations of sexual activity in men. Nowadays, the participation of triiodothyronine (T3) in the control of Sertoli and Leydig cell proliferation, testicular maturation, and steroidogenesis is widely accepted, as well as the presence of thyroid hormone transporters and receptors in testicular cells throughout the development process and in adulthood. But even with data suggesting that T3 may act directly on these cells to bring about its effects, there is still controversy regarding the impact of thyroid diseases on human spermatogenesis and fertility, which can be in part due to the lack of well-controlled clinical studies. The current review aims at presenting an updated picture of recent clinical data about the role of thyroid hormones in male gonadal function. RESUMOOs hormônios da tireoide estão envolvidos virtualmente no desenvolvimento e na manutenção de todos os tecidos. As gônadas masculinas foram, por décadas, consideradas insensíveis aos hormônios tireoidianos. No entanto, estudos mais recentes têm demonstrado que disfunções tireoidianas estão associadas não somente a anormalidades na morfologia e na função dos testículos, mas também à diminuição da fertilidade e alterações na atividade sexual masculina. Atualmente, o papel da triiodotironina (T3) no controle da proliferação das células de Sertoli e Leydig, maturação testicular e esteroidogênese é amplamente aceito, bem como a presença de transportadores e receptores para o hormônio tireoidiano nos testículos durante o período de desenvolvimento e a idade adulta. No entanto, apesar dos dados que indicam que o T3 atua diretamente nos testículos humanos, persistem controvérsias em relação ao impacto das doenças tireoidianas sobre a espermatogênese e a fertilidade, o que pode ser em parte devido à escassez de estudos clínicos nessa área. Essa revisão tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama de dados clínicos atualizados sobre o papel dos hormônios tireoidianos na função gonadal masculina. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2009;53(8):976-82 Descritores

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Section: Thyroid Hormone Disorders and Androgenic Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Wajner

Wagner

Maia

2009

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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“…AAT 3 and AAT 4 were normal in all dogs throughout the study. Thyroid hormone concentrations were consistently below the normal range in the hypothyroid group.…”

Section: Thyroid Statusmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…All dogs were evaluated every 3 months for 2 years. Trimonthly evaluation consisted of determination of reproductive function, body weight and clinical signs, and baseline serum thyroid hormone (TT 4 , TT 3 , FT 3 , FT 4 , AAT 4 , AAT 3 ) concentrations.…”

Section: Dog Selection and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 Serum concentrations of AAT 3 and AAT 4 were determined as previously described, 16 , except that 10% binding for AAT 3 and 20% binding for AAT 4 were considered significant.…”

Section: Hormone Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Johnson¹,

Olivier²,

Rf³

et al. 1999

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Hypothyroidism has been cited as a cause of infertility, abnormal semen quality, and poor libido in people and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypothyroidism on variables indicative of reproductive function in adult male dogs. Nine normal dogs were randomly assigned to 2 groups. Hypothyroidism was induced with 131 I in 6 dogs. Three dogs remained untreated, normal, and euthyroid. Thyroid hormone concentrations, body weight, clinical signs, and reproductive function were determined for each dog every 3 months for 2 years. Reproductive function was assessed by determining daily sperm output, total scrotal width, spermatozoal motility and morphology, libido, and serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone concentration responses to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The 131 I-treated dogs developed clinical and laboratory signs of hypothyroidism. In the hypothyroid dogs, serum concentrations of thyroid hormones were consistently below the reference range and were significantly lower than that in the euthyroid dogs. There was no difference in reproductive function between the hypothyroid and euthyroid dogs. The results of this study show that 131 I-induced hypothyroidism does not affect indices of reproductive function in adult male dogs.Key words: Luteinizing hormone; Scrotal width; Semen; Spermatogenesis; Testosterone.H ypothyroidism is a frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder in dogs. The most common causes of canine hypothyroidism are lymphocytic thyroiditis and idiopathic thyroid atrophy. 1 Hypothyroidism is reported to cause subfertility, poor semen quality, and decreased libido in several species, including people, rats, goats, and dogs, 1-7 but the mechanisms by which this occurs have not been elucidated. Lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with lymphocytic orchitis has been described as an inherited condition in a colony of Beagles. 2 Affected dogs had decreased testicular size and subfertility or sterility. Subnormal fertility and poor semen quality were reported in a colony of Borzois with lymphocytic thyroiditis, but testicular biopsies were not evaluated in those dogs. 8 In both colonies, hypothyroidism did not develop until dogs were Ն2 years old. Lymphocytic thyroiditis and lymphocytic orchitis are considered to be immune-mediated diseases. Whether hypothyroidism causes decreased fertility or whether decreased fertility is a result of lymphocytic orchitis that occurs simultaneously with, but not as a direct result of, lymphocytic thyroiditis is unknown. Whether hypothyroidism in the Beagle and Borzoi colonies is representative of canine hypothyroidism is also not known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of experimentally induced hypothyroidism on reproductive function in adult male dogs. Materials and Methods Dog Selection and Study DesignNine male Beagles, 11-17 months of age, weighing 10.9-15 kg, were determined to be normal on the basis of physical examination, negative Brucella canis serology, normal libido, normal seminal characteristics...

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Effects of Dietary Selenium on Sperm Motility in Healthy Men

HAWKES,

TUREK

2001

Journal of Andrology

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A deficiency of dietary selenium leads to immotile, deformed sperm and infertility in rats, whereas supplementation of the diet with selenium compounds has been associated with both beneficial and deleterious effects on sperm function, depending on the chemical form of selenium. We conducted a randomized, controlled, and blinded intervention study on the effects of selenium in food on semen quality. Eleven healthy men were fed a controlled diet of foods naturally high or low in selenium for 120 days while confined in a metabolic research unit. Dietary selenium was 47 μg/d for the first 21 days, then either 13 μg/d or 297 μg/d for 99 days, resulting in significant changes in selenium concentrations in blood and semen. Seminal plasma selenium concentration increased 50% with high selenium and decreased 40% with low selenium. The fraction of motile sperm in the high‐selenium group decreased by 32% by week 13 and ended 18% lower than baseline. Selenium concentrations changed in seminal plasma but not in sperm, and serum androgen concentrations were unchanged in both groups, indicating this effect was neither androgen dependent nor caused by a change in the selenium supply to the testes. Serum triiodothyronine decreased and thyroid‐stimulating hormone increased in the high‐selenium group, suggesting that altered thyroid hormone metabolism may have affected sperm motility. Although this decrease in sperm motility does not necessarily predict decreased fertility, the increasing frequency of selenium supplementation in the healthy population suggests the need for larger studies to more fully assess this potential side effect.

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Reproductive Endocrine Functions in Men with Primary Hypothyroidism: Effect of Thyroxine Replacement

Cited by 76 publications

References 11 publications

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Clinical implications of altered thyroid status in male testicular function

Effect of 131 I‐Induced Hypothyroidism on Indices of Reproductive Function in Adult Male Dogs

Effects of Dietary Selenium on Sperm Motility in Healthy Men

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