The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in everyday life has significantly improved convenience, particularly through the provision of various services and the monitoring of patients' vital signs. However, as IoT devices collect sensitive user information and transmit it to remote servers, privacy and security concerns have become a major issue. Therefore, there is an urgent need for data access control and data security sharing in IoT environments. To address these challenges, this study proposes a CP-ABE access control scheme based on blockchain technology and Supporting Data Permissions Management. The scheme supports data access control and management, using plaintext partitioning and data access control policies to manage data access effectively. Access control processes are executed through smart contracts, and data units are hashed and uploaded to the blockchain for secure storage. Homomorphic encryption technology is also utilized for outsourcing encryption, while proxy private key technology is used for outsourcing decryption. In conclusion, this scheme effectively resolves data access control and tampering issues in IoT environments, and has high practical value and application prospects.