Proximal femoral fractures are one of the most common causes of disability in the adult population, with femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures accounting for the vast majority of these fractures. [1,2] Several implants are available for their treatment, including dynamic hip screws, cannulated cancellous screws, dynamic compression screws, intramedullary devices like proximal femoral nails, among others. [1][2][3][4] Extensive literature has demonstrated similar and equivocal outcomes for these techniques, with no implant being absolutely superior to the other. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The use of internal fixation for proximal femoral fractures may fail due to multiple reasons, including nonunion, loss of fixation, femoral head osteonecrosis, posttraumatic arthritis, malunion, infection, or symptomatic hardware. Haentjens et al. reported failure rate with internal fixation for intertrochanteric fracture in the range of 3%-12% with device penetration (2%-12%), nonunion (2%-5%), and malunion causing varus Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) has a demonstrated utility in the surgical management of patients with proximal femoral fractures that fail internal fixation, with good outcomes reported from high-income countries. Given the lack of data from resource-limited settings, this work sought to report the clinical outcomes of THA for failed proximal femoral osteosynthesis from a low-and middle-income country (LMIC). Methods: The work was conducted and reported in accordance with Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. A retrospective cohort study was carried out on all patients who underwent rescue THA for failed osteosynthesis of proximal femoral fractures, from January 2016 to June 2020, at a tertiary care center in Northern India. Primary study outcomes were functional outcomes as assessed by Harris Hip Score (HHS) at 1-year postoperatively and the frequency of perioperative complication as assessed by Clavien-Dindo-Sink Grading System. Results: Twenty-eight patients with mean age of 43.25 ± 10.5 years were included, with 18 males and 10 females. For their femur fracture stabilization, the most common method used had been dynamic hip screw (n = 16, 57.1%), followed by cannulated cancellous screw (n = 6, 21.5%), proximal femoral nail (n = 3, 10.7%), dynamic condylar screw (n = 2, 7.1%), and Schanz Screw (n = 1, 3.6%). Causes of failure had included cut-out of screw (n = 14, 50.0%), avascular necrosis (n = 8, 28.6%), back-out of screw (n = 3, 10.7%), non-union (n = 2, 7.1%), and secondary osteoarthritis (n = 1, 3.6%). THA was carried out after mean 26.64 ± 9.01 months after index procedure. HHS improved significantly from 39.71 ± 10.89 preoperatively to 79.54 ± 4.22 at 1-year follow-up (mean difference 39.82, 95% confidence interval 43.66-35.98, P < 0.001). Perioperative complications occurred in two patients of Clavien-Dindo-Sink Grade III and another of Grade II, with no mortality occurring by 1 year. Conclusions: In resource-limited settings like LMICs, T...