Research and Development in Beijing

Li, Jian; Paisey, Alan

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7689-4_25

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…It can be seen that the gas breakdown voltage of SF 6 is negatively related to the conductor surface roughness under AC voltage stress. Besides, results show that the breakdown voltage of SF 6 , 0.4 MPa decreases slightly linearly with the increase of the conductor surface roughness [148,149] . The drop is more obvious than that of lower gas pressure.…”

Section: Effect Of Surface Roughness On Gas Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The conductor surface of GIS/GILs cannot be perfectly smooth, which will inevitably lead to local non-uniformity of the electric field on the conductor surface. With the improvement of voltage level and gas pressure, the gas discharge voltage drop caused by the micro irregularities of the conductor surface has become an urgent problem to be solved [148] . At present, there is no special standard for the conductor surface roughness of DC GIS/GILs, it still mainly referred to the standard of AC GIS/GILs.…”

Section: Conductor Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective

Zhang

et al. 2022

iEnergy

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The construction of the future energy structure of China under the 2050 carbon-neutral vision requires compact direct current (DC) gas-insulation equipment as important nodes and solutions to support electric power transmission and distribution of long-distance and large-capacity. This paper reviews China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment. Important progresses in basic research and industry perspective are presented, with related scientific issues and technical bottlenecks being discussed. The progress in DC gas-insulated equipment worldwide (Europe, Japan, America) is also reported briefly.

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Section: Effect Of Surface Roughness On Gas Breakdownmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Conductor Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective

Zhang

et al. 2022

iEnergy

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“…The energy management strategies for HEVs can be roughly divided into the following two categories: rule-based control and optimization-based control strategies. 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time energy management strategy for off-road hybrid electric vehicles based on the expected SARSA

Han

Chen

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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To improve the power performance and fuel economy and reduce the online computation time of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) in off-road driving environments, a real-time energy management strategy based on the expected state-action-reward-state’-action’ (SARSA) algorithm is proposed. This strategy achieves the control effect through coordinated control of the engine generator set (EGS) and the energy distribution between the battery and the EGS. The driving environment is expressed as a transition probability matrix (TPM) of the electric power demand, and the optimal control problem of energy management is solved offline by the expected SARSA algorithm to obtain the control laws. Then, the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence rate is used as the evaluation index of the switching control strategy, and these control laws are used online to realize real-time control. Control strategies based on traditional reinforcement learning (RL), stochastic dynamic programming (SDP), and dynamic programming (DP) are considered benchmark strategies to verify the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy based on the expected SARSA. The fuel economy is improved by a maximum of 13.2%, and the elapsed time is reduced by more than 99.8% compared with the values achieved with the benchmark algorithms. These results show that the proposed strategy has flexible adaptability to complex and changeable off-road conditions without prior knowledge of the whole driving cycle.

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“…They indicate that scrap melting is a dissolution phenomenon involving both heat and mass transfer between the liquid and solid phases. Moreover, the melting rate is primarily controlled by the mass transfer, which has been studied for various solid materials used in the steelmaking process [5–14]. However, in most previous experiments, the scrap cylinders were placed a certain height above the surface of the hot metal to preheat until approaching the bath temperature [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence the formation and remelt of solidified layer affecting the later diffusion of carbon were ignored. In addition, the empirical formulas obtained using the analogy method are used to analyse the mass transfer [5,6]. Dimensionless correlations have been proposed for natural convection and forced convection [7–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on mass transfer during scrap melting in the steelmaking process

Gao

Yang

Zhang

2019

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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The effects of natural and forced convection on mass transfer were investigated, especially the composition-dependent material properties were used. Under natural convection, the stationary specimen became a cone. The mass transfer coefficient increased from 3.14 × 10 −5 to 5.31 × 10 −5 m s −1 at the temperatures of 1300-1450°C. The empirical formulas Sh = 0.144(GrSc) 0.325 and k = M(Δρ) 0.325 (L) −0.025 were found within the ranges of 1 × 10 8 < GrSc < 5 × 10 8 . Under forced convection, the rotating scrap cylinder became an irregular spiral. When the rotational speed changed from 141 to 423 r min −1 , the mass transfer coefficients were 7.50 × 10 −5 -1.72 × 10 −4 m s −1 at the temperatures of 1300-1400°C. The empirical formulas J D = 0.133(Re) −0.356 and k = M (n) 0.644 (L) 0.288 were obtained within the ranges of 1000 < Re < 4000.

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Research and Development in Beijing

Cited by 19 publications

References 114 publications

China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective

China's 10-year progress in DC gas-insulated equipment: From basic research to industry perspective

A real-time energy management strategy for off-road hybrid electric vehicles based on the expected SARSA

Experimental study on mass transfer during scrap melting in the steelmaking process

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